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1st AnswerGermany didn't exist as "Germany". The whole of Europe was a patchwork of holdings by various of tribes and strong men. The Germanic tribes were very strong and far ranging crossing into Italy and other areas. They expected tribute in the holdings they had and often took slaves and killed at will. This condition kept up for a 1000 years and it isn't until much later that a German state existed. 2nd AnswerGermany did not unify into a strong state largely because power was decentralized.

When people speak of Germany of the Middle Ages, what they are usually referring to was the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire was formed, like France, from Charlemagne's empire, but unlike France, it was not run by a single leadership from a single royal court. Instead it was a sort of confederation of nations descended from Germanic Tribes, which formed into kingdoms and provided decentralized leadership. The emperor was elected, and did not have as much authority over the kings beneath him as the Kings of France or England had over their nobles. Furthermore, some of the kings who owed allegiance to the Holy Roman Emperor, only did so for portions of their holdings, and had other allegiances elsewhere. And an additional problem was that the popes established a measure of dominance over the emperors.

This changed to some extent with the reformation, after which the the influence of the pope became greatly diminished, and the emperors were no longer elected but inherited their titles. Nevertheless, the kingdoms within the empire retained a lot of power and independence.

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Q: One reason Germany did not become a strong unified state during Middle Ages?
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