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There is no transformer used in PC power supply. There is rectifier used to rectify or convert AC input voltage into DC output voltage.Transformer based rectifier produces some spikes at the output DC voltage, hencethey uses SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) to avoid spikes to the output DC voltage and get a smooth DC voltage.
The "power supply" supplies power to a computer. A computer's power supply is a "switchmode power supply" responsible for converting the AC voltage from the wall into several DC output voltages.
The input voltage range for the Toshiba power supply is AC 100V - 240V. The output voltage is DC 19V / output current is 4.74A. This power supply comes with a power cord and packaging will state voltage recommended for the product.
The two pins with the ~ symbol are for the AC input and the + and - are for the pulsing DC output
A transformer alone cannot accomplish this. Transformers do not output DC directly, only AC. For DC output, additional components (rectifier, filter capacitor) are necessary. This would be properly called a DC power supply rather than just a transformer. To specify the proper power supply, you need at a minimum the input voltage (AC), the input frequency, the output voltage (DC), and the output current.
DC Power is Direct Current Power Supply.
Typically black. DC +ve wire color typically red or brown.
Ripple.
That depends on what you're testing it for. You would mostly use the volt meter settings to test for proper voltage output at the connectors coming out of the power supply. After verifying the expected volt output from a suspect connector, You should, in case you are wrong or a short is present, start with the highest voltage AC settings first and then reduce to lower settings and DC to confirm proper outputs.
It may not be possible to physically convert AC generator to DC generator. What can be done is that 'Rectifier' of suitable capacity can be connected to the out put of AC generator to get DC supply.
dc power supply
In an ideal DC power supply, there is no ripple.