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Any information system will make use of the following physical components:
a) Hardware: The equipment and devices for inputting, outputting, secondary storage, processing as well as communications in the system.
b) Software: The set of programmes to facilitate processing procedures; it includes systems software, applications software and the model base.
c) Data Base: The organisational data to be used by various software programmes is usually stored in the form of files and database on the physical storage media such as computer tapes, disc drives, floppy diskettes.
d) Procedures: The operating procedures documented in the form of physical manuals constitute an important part of MIS components. These documents could be divided into three major types: Operating Manuals, User Manuals, and Systems Manuals.
e) Operating Personnel: The manpower operating these information systems include systems managers, systems analysts, data administrators, programmes, data entry and computer operators.
Processing Functions
The major processing functions in information systems include the following:
a) Processing of business transactions: To capture, collect, record, store and process the events of business interest, so that their effect should be carried over to the organisational performance records.
b) Updation of master files: The effect of these transactions is carried over to the status files of the organisational performance. Master files at any given time shall reflect the status of any entity after having incorporated the impact of up-to-moment transactions.
c) Generation of information reports: After having processed the transactions and updation of master files, the information reports are generated so as to assist the managers in their decision-making.
d) Processing of interactive enquiries: On-line information processing systems provide the facility of responding to the business queries raised by managers on the data files - both master as well as transaction files.
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