CMOS setup
bios
BIOS
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Most serial and parallel ports today connect directly to the motherboard, and the COM and LPT assignments are made in CMOS setup. The ports can also be enabled and disabled in CMOS settings.The short answer is CMOS Setup A+ Guide to Hardware: pg. 396
The port can be enabled or disabled through the CMOS setup.
Most cases have the motherboard ports in the back that way you can hide all the cables and keep them away from alot of activity that may disconnect them.I have not seen a PC with front motherboard ports. But i think its better to leave those ports where they are :)
do you mean "motherboard I/O ports"? Eg. USB, PS/2, Serial, Parallel...
UART
The motherboard.
Assuming you have no guarantee left, you can buy a controller card (PCMCIA for laptops, in case you have a free slot). A very unlikely scenario is that someone has played a prank on you and disabled the USB ports from the BIOS, in which case they can be re-enabled.
Most motherboards come with at least six USB ports..
Expansion ports to the rear.