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France and England
We entered World War 1 because of a German submarine attack on U.S. merchant ships in 1917.
Sinking civilian ships without warning (un-restricted submarine warfare).
The Sussex pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WWI by Germany to the US prior to the latter's entry into the war. Early in 1916, Germany instituted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, which allowed armed merchant ships and not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning. Despite this avowed restriction, a French cross-channel passenger ferry, the Sussex was torpedoed without warning on March 24, 1916; severely damaged, and about 50 people died. Although no US citizens were killed in this attack, President Woodraw Wilson declared that if Germany continued this practice, the United States will break diplomatic relations with them. Fearing the entry of the United States into World War I, Germany tried to appease the United States by issuing, on May 4, 1916, the pledge, which promised a change in Germany's naval warfare policy. The promise held to these points:Passenger ships will not be targeted; Merchant ships willnot be sunk until the presence of weapons was established, if necessary by a search of the ship; Merchant ships will not be sunk without provision for the safety of passengers and crew.In 1917 Germany became convinced that they could defeat the Allied Forces by instituting unrestricted submarine warfare before the United States entered the war. The pledge was therefore rescinded in January 1917, thereby initiating the decisive stage of the so-called first battle of the atlantic. The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram caused the United States to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917.
It was a promise made in 1916 between Germany and the United States, before the US entered the war, allowing armed merchant ships, but not passenger ships, to be torpeoded without warning. However it was rescinded in 1917
World War 1.
WWI; Guerre de Course-Merchant Raiding aka Commerce raiding.
The tactic began in WWI and is known as Unrestricted Submarine Warfare.
The Sussex Pledge (:
Remained hidden and fired without warning
arm the merchant ships
Frederick C. Matthews has written: 'American merchant ships, 1850-1900' -- subject(s): History, Merchant marine, Merchant ships, Ships
When Germany starting cutting off Britains food supply by sinking their merchant ships, the U.S sent over their own merchant ships to Britain.
Merchant ships did (and still do!) travel all over the world, wherever there are sea ports.
Roger Villar has written: 'Merchant ships at war' -- subject(s): Armed merchant ships, British Naval operations, Falkland Islands War, 1982, Merchant ships
Congress denied President Wilson the right to do what with merchant ships?
103 merchant ships were sunk in world war one