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What process transport pyruvic acid across the mitochondrial membrane from a high concentration to low concentration?
Pyruvic acid is transported into the mitochondria through a carrier protein known as the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). The MPC uses the energy stored in the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane to move pyruvate against its concentration gradient. This process helps maintain the flow of pyruvate from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria for further energy production through aerobic respiration.
Why is the difference in charge across the inner mitochondrial membrane important?
to produce ATP
How does the cell use the charge differences that build up across the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular respiration?
The charge differences across the inner mitochondrial membrane are used to generate ATP through a process called chemiosmosis. Protons are pumped across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. As protons flow back across the membrane through ATP synthase, ATP is produced. This process is essential for providing energy to the cell.
ATP synthase works by means of?
a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Why are protons (H) pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Protons (H) are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane to create a proton gradient, which is used to generate ATP through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. This ATP is the main source of energy for the cell.
What substance do the carrier proteins transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Carrier proteins transport various substances across the inner mitochondrial membrane, primarily including metabolites such as pyruvate, fatty acids, and adenosine nucleotides. Notably, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier facilitates the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria for energy production. Additionally, the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) exchanges ADP and ATP across the membrane, playing a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism.
Where does the electron transport chain take place in the mitochondria?
The electron transport chain takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria. It consists of a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons and generate a proton gradient across the inner membrane, which is used to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
The transfer of high-energy electrons down the electron transport chain causes what to be transported across the mitochondrial membrane?
The electron movement causes H+ ions to be transported to the cystolic side of the mitochondrial membrane from the mitochondial matrix. This creates the electrochemical gradient that is used to generate chemical energy (ATP from ADP)
What is the energy of the hydrogen ion gradient created across the inner mitochondrial membrane used to make?
electron transport chain
What moves across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize ATP during chemiosmosis?
Protons (H+ ions) move across the inner mitochondrial membrane through ATP synthase to synthesize ATP during chemiosmosis. This process is driven by the proton gradient that is established during electron transport chain reactions.
In the presence of a metabolic poison that specifically and completely inhibits the function of mitochondrial ATP synthase what would you expect A. a decrease in the pH difference ac?
In the presence of a metabolic poison that inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthase, the pH difference across the mitochondrial membrane would increase. This is because ATP synthase plays a crucial role in generating ATP by utilizing the proton gradient (pH difference) across the membrane. Inhibition of ATP synthase would disrupt ATP production, leading to a buildup of protons on one side of the membrane.
What is protein membrane?
A trans-membrane protein is - as the name implies (trans = across in latin) - a protein, which crosses a biological membrane, such as the outer cell membrane or the mitochondrial membrane. Three examples of important trans-membrane proteins are: the Na/K-ATPase, P-glycoprotein, and the insulin receptor.
