190 degree.
You would need to cook it for at least 5 hours & 20 minutes !
Maximum Temp. is -4 degree C. Minimum Temp. is -112 degree C.
Maybe.
Rankine temp = 1.8(Celsius temp) + 491.67
Salem area = 4740 degree days/design temp 22 Redmond area= 6746 degree days/design temp 6 Portland area= 4693 degree days/design temp 22 North Bend area= 4664 degree days/design temp 32 Medford= 4803 degree days/design temp 23 Astoria= 5250 degree days/design temp 29 Pick an area closest to your located project and apply. I pulled this off of a state of Oregon spec. for low-income energy-efficient remodeling. Redmond is about 20 miles from Bend.
1 degree celciouse
180 degree.
We need to know more info. such as, is the pipe cooled, air or ground temp. around the pipe. what temp is the water.
180 degree is stock but you could also go with 160 degree
No. Every place on the Earth has more variability than that.
80 cal/gram of heat is required to be extracted from water at 0 degree temp. to convert into ice at 0 degree temp.