Yes.
Answer
Yes They must be armed more than or equal to the criminals in order to protect the public.
Yes, a police officer may carry a rifle on their person.
The same authority that enables them to carry firearms.
Depends on the regulations where you are. Many Special Police Officers DO have the same authority as city or county police officers, but for specialized areas. Some of them DO carry firearms.
Yes, police officers typically carry firearms as part of their duty to maintain public safety and enforce the law.
In the United Kingdom, certain police officers are qualified to carry firearms.
No
Volunteer police officers' authority and responsibilities vary depending on the jurisdiction and organization they serve. In some cases, they may be authorized to carry firearms if they meet the necessary training and qualification requirements. However, it ultimately depends on the policies and regulations set by the specific law enforcement agency they volunteer for.
For the actual answer, you will have to check with the departments in question. In some cases, due to congestion, and extremely close proximity to others, officers do not carry firearms. This is the case with correctional officers working inside prisons.
In most cases, constables look like police officers. They often have the power to arrest but usually do not carry firearms.
NO
No. Most correctional officers do not carry firearms.
The only police to use firearms in the UK, are specialised groups such as the Civil Nuclear Constabulary, or special teams within territorial police forces. When the metropolitan police force was established, officers did not carry guns.
Contrary to popular belief, the police in England ARE armed. Most departments have armed-response officers on duty at all times. Most supervisors carry firearms in their vehicles, as well. While it is true that not ALL officers carry firearms on duty, there is considerable disagreement as to whether this should be changed.