Sinking and sourcing current refers to current going into and out of the MCU (respectively)
Yes. For sourcing output, the relay coil is wired to (common or ground) and the output terminal. For sinking output, the relay is wired to (voltage supply or hot) and the output terminal.
That depends on the specific microcontroller.
The PIC is a specific architecture of microcontroller.
to determine the state condition of microcontroller's input when microcontroller is reading the input port
The difference is base on the requirement of their0 application.
PNP is sourcing. NPN is sinking. You generally connect NPN to ground and your PLC(or any load)input. With PNP you connect to V+ and to your PLC. Your PLC (load) should have the same ground or V+. Sourcing (PNP) provides a path to +24DC generally. Sinking (NPN) provides a path to 0V DC.
Yes. For sourcing output, the relay coil is wired to (common or ground) and the output terminal. For sinking output, the relay is wired to (voltage supply or hot) and the output terminal.
An NPN or sinking output accepts voltage and sinks it to ground to complete the circuit. A PNP or sourcing output sources voltage and the external circuit sinks it to ground to complete the circuit. A sourcing circuit would be drawn as voltage->switch->load->ground. A sinking circuit would be drawn as Voltage->load->switch->ground. In these cases, the switch could be a transistor.
A sourcing output supplies current or voltage to the load. The output would be hooked to one side of the load, and the other side is grounded. A sinking output works by pulling the voltage or current to ground. In this case, the load is connected to the 'hot' power supply terminal, and the other end is connected to the sinking output. When the output goes active ("goes low"), current flows from the power supply, through the load, then to ground via the output terminal. Sinking outputs are sometimes called 'open collector' outputs. You can visualize it this way: Take a light bulb and hook one lead to the chassis of your car. You just grounded the load. Now take a wire and hook it to the positive battery terminal. When you touch the battery wire to the bulb, it lights. You are 'sourcing' current to the bulb. Now, connect the bulb to the positive battery terminal. Take a wire and connect it to the car's frame (ground). The bulb already has a voltage supply - the positive battery terminal. When you touch the ground wire to the bulb, sinking current to ground, the bulb lights. The big deal here is IC's that sink current typically have much greater current capability than those with sourcing outputs. So why even bother with sourcing outputs? Their main claim to fame is the load can be ground-referenced, which is very desirable in some situations.
That depends on the specific microcontroller.
Titanic had good turning capability. She was only compromised because she only had about thirty seconds to do it.
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The PIC is a specific architecture of microcontroller.
spot sourcing introduction
DTL Sourcing
The voltage of the 8031 microcontroller is 2.7V to 5.5V.
The 8051 Microcontroller is a microcontroller ("chip") developed by Intel in 1980.