Who is the successor to Muhammad for shiites?

Answer 1

This is a question that divides Sunnis and Shiites. Here are some answers from contributors:

Answer 1

Politically, it was the First Caliph Abu Bakr.....

Genealogy wise, his son-in-law, Ali bin Abu Talib....

Answer 2: Shiite View

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was appointed at Ghadeer Qum according both Shia and Sunni sources at the final major sermon of the Holy Prophet Muhammed (pbuh). However, during the funeral procedures of the Prophet (saaw), whilst Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was washing the body of the Prophet (saaw) and preparing the funeral, some companions secretly met at the house of Saqeefa. Umar ibn Khattab appointed Abu Bakr and later, as history books tell us, Umar ibn Kattab proclaimed that whoever goes against this appointment, he would 'cut their tongues off'.

Hence, although Ali ibn Abu Talib was the most knowledgable of the companions (there is no doubt about this - we do not see even a fraction of the depth seen in the writings of Ali ibn Abi Talib in any other companions). Hence, the divine knowledge that Muslims believe the Prophet had was taught by the Prophet (saaw) to Imam Ali (as).

Answer 3: Sunni View

The first thing to keep in mind is that the Prophet-hood not Kingship in which the son succeeds the father. The Prophets have no inheritance. The holy Prophet (SAW) used to lead the Prayers till he fell ill and was not able to lead the Muslims in prayer. He deputed this duty to his closest friend, father-in-law, and the first adult Muslim whom Almighty Allah describes as his friend in the Cave of Thor - Hazrat Abu Bakr (RAU). It may have been an indication that he was the most suitable person after him to lead the Muslims. However, he didn't mention any clear name of his Caliph in this regards. It left it to his Companions whom he considered to be equal to the task.

The Ansaar (the Helpers-native people of Madina Munawra) were discussing the matter of caliphate in Saqifa Bani Sa'adia when Hazra Abu Bakr RAU, Hazrat Omar RAU and Hazra Abu Obaida RAU reached there and after a heated discussion Hazrat Abu Bakr (RAU) was chosen the First Rightful Caliph.

On his death bed, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RAU) suggested the name of Hazrat Omar (RAU) to succeed him. The Companions rau agreed to his proposal and Hazrat Omar (RAU) became the second Rightful Caliph.

When Hazrat Omar (RAU) was fatally wounded as a result of a conspiracy, he suggested the names of six holy Companions (RAU) to select a Caliph amongst them. Some of the Companions suggested to him that he should nominate his son Hazrat Abdullah bin Omar as Caliph. He didn't agree to this proposal. The six companions nominated by him were: Hazrat Usman ibni Affan, Hazrat Ali ibni Abu Talib, Hazrat Zubair bin Awam, Hazrat Talhah bin Obaid Ullah, Hazrat Abdul Rahman bin Aof, and Hazrat Sa'ad bin Abi Waqas rau all of them. After some sittings and discussions, Hazrat Usman bin Affan rau was chosen the third Rightful Caliph.

During the last days of Hazrat Usman rau rebels sieged his house and killed him. Then they forced Hazrat Ali rau to become the fourth Rightful Caliph. Yet, his Caliphate was never completely established till he was killed by a Khawaji. After his death His elder son Hazrat Hassan rau became the caliph but be withdrew his name, made peace with Hazrat Muawiya rau.

It is interesting to note that those who claim that Hazrat Ali rau was the real successor of the holy Prophet (SAW) can't give any logic against this fact that during the Caliphate of first three Rightful Caliphs, Hazrat Ali rau had been the honorable member of the Advisory Council (Majlis-i-Shura). He had been an ardent supporter of these Caliphs. When the rebels sieged Hazrat Usman's house, he sent his sons to guard the house of the Caliph. He and his sons had been receiving stipend from these Caliphs. Hazrat Shahr Bano was given in the wedlock of Hazrat Husain rau by Hazrat Omar rau. All these actions become Haraam, then.

Was Hazrat Ali rau such a coward to remain true to them, and not to rise against them? Or was a hypocrite? Was he not as brave as his son Hazrat Hussain rau who rose against Yazid? He was the lion of Allah, one of the most dauntless persons. He is respected by all Muslims of all sects. The love of Ahli Bayat is a part of the Eeman of all Muslims. Yet, history shows that if Hazrat Abu Bakr rau and Hazrat Omar rau had not been selected Caliphs, Islam would not have spread to that extent. Hazrat Ali rau was much younger for this uphill task that needed to keep the Muslims united under one banner. He could not establish even his own Rightful Caliphate completely. All the stories concocted later on have no sound proof. Whatever message our beloved Prophet (SAW) received from Almighty Allah was in toto, completely preached by the Prophet (SAW) He didn't hide anything. Those who accuse that the Prophet (SAW) didn't convey all message should be mindful about their Eeman. In his last sermon at Arafaat he rose his finger thrice and said, "O My Allah, you also bear witness that I conveyed to your people all what you revealed to me."

Answer 2

Imam Ali S.A.

shia and sunni have mainly conflict on Imamat (leadership).

shia say Imamat is one of 5 pillars of Islam and only God can select leader for people. but sunni say Imamat is not part of Islam and leader can be selected by people by any method like shura (for example for Abubakr) or by will of previous leader for example for Omar) or by people (for example for Ali).

the conflict of shia and sunni has been always amplified by world Imperialism to prevent Islam from spreading in world.

Shia believes in Allah, prophet and all fundamentals of Islam.

Shia pray 5 times a day but usually do the 2, 3 and 4, 5 pray together and so may seem they do only 3 pray a day. there is some differences in details of pray like genuflect (for shia should be on a stone or part of earth and for sunni on carpet or floor ).

shia believe after death of prophet God selected the successive for prophet who is the political leader of Muslim community and people can not and does not the right to selected it.

shia refers to many verse of Quran like: "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority" (Quran 2:30) or "O David! We did indeed make thee a vicegerent on earth" (Quran 38:26) also other verses.

Shia believes such verses means only God can select an Islamic political leader (Caliph) and there is no mention in Quran people have the right to select leader. and shura is not allowed to be used for selecting leader and prophet himself always selected leaders of wars and other leaders by command of God.

In Shia Islam Caliphs after prophet are 12 infallible Imams who have inherited divine knowledge of prophet.

Shia Muslims do not consider selection of Abubakr as Caliph by people valid because God did not select him. They believe God ordered prophet to declare people that Ali is selected as successor of prophet and prophet did this mission many times during his prophet-hood and mainly in Ghadir event after last Hajj of his life at a 3-4 hour speech in front of 120,000 Muslims at Ghadir in hot desert after 2 days stop of long caravan for gathering and 3 days after speech for congratulations and homage of Muslims to Ali.

Islam at that time had high power in world and Some companions had high interest in leadership position after prophet. Muslims knew that it is the final Hajj of prophet (predicted by prophet) and were going along with prophet to hear what prophet says at end of his life.

Shia believes Ghadir event is the most important event of Islam and is mentioned in Koran in many verses like "Today" (اليوم) in verse 5:3 of Quran is the day of Ghadir. Or Verse 5:67: "(O Messenger! proclaim the (message) which hath been sent to thee from thy Lord. If thou didst not, thou wouldst not have fulfilled and proclaimed His mission. And Allah will defend thee from men (who mean mischief). For Allah guide not those who reject Faith)" is revealed at Ghadir day and is about declaring political and spiritual leadership of Ali S.A. after prophet.

Both Sunni and Shia Muslims accept happening of Ghadir event But different interpret. Some Sunni writers tried to reject the event of Ghadir as declare of leadership of Ali S.A. and said at Ghadir prophet only wanted to say Ali S.A. is my friend and no one should bother him.

Ali S.A. had 3 different missions to Yemen by prophet during 10 years and in 2 of them some companions of prophet had some conflicts with Ali S.A. and prophet said some sayings about Ali S.A. to solve conflicts and some sunni writers have mixed stories of missions of Ali S.A. to Yemen with story of Ghadir to prove Ghadir event is not about Leadership of Ali and is not important.

Shia scholars believe some Sunni writers who were related to Kings have changed and deviated historical evidences about political leadership of Ali S.A. in old historical books and republished them to destroy evidences of leadership of Ali from old Sunni books.

The famous Shia book Al-Ghadir (الغدير) by Allameh Amini is a collection of evidences and proofs for Ghadir Events written all from sunni historical books by referring to 100,000 Sunni books and full reading of 10,000 sunni books. Allameh Amini is a famous Shia scholar and spent 40 years of his life in traveling to access original old Sunni books in libraries in different countries to write this 20 volume book only from Sunni books and not using any Shia book. Some Sunni scholars tried to reply this book but then said if we want to reply this book we should first destroy all sunni books.

Shia doctrine have root in Battle Karbala.

When tragedy of Karbala happened most of Iranians understood there is two different interpret of Islam that both can not be true. so most of Iranians became shia and followers of "Ahl al-Bayt" and forgive their lives for them like what they did in Iranian Revolution and Iran-Iraq War.

Shia Muslims have at least 120,000 Hadith (saying) from The Fourteen Infallibles that is the base of Shia Islam along with Quran.

Shia believes according to " Hadith of the two weighty things" The Fourteen Infallible are the only valid interpreters of Quran and sayings of them are from God because they are Representative of God in earth and they have inherited divine knowledge of prophet.

Shia believes 12th of them (Imam Mahdi S.A.) is alive and because people have killed all 11 Imams before him, he is in occultation like Jesus S.A. and will rise with Jesus S.A. when people become ready and want to accept his leadership. All 11 Imams have been killed and during their life they all have been in prison or under hard control of government to not have any political activity.

They never had enough serious followers to can get political power. Among them only the sixth Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq was relatively free (for transition of power between Umayyads and Abbasids) to have only scientific activities and so only he is known in west because he established university and had students from all over the world. Westerns know him as a polymath: an astronomer, alchemist, Imam, Islamic scholar, Islamic theologian, writer, philosopher, physician, physicist and scientist. He was also the teacher of the famous chemist, Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), and of Abū Ḥanīfa, the founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He never wanted be a famous man and only shared his knowledge with seekers of knowledge. Some researchers consider his teachings the root cause of renaissance.

Sunni Muslims also accept Mahdi and his worldwide leadership as Caliph of God in earth at end of world. There is a famous Hadith from prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that Mahdi at occultation is like sun behind cloud, he is hidden from people but people receive his benefits.

Shia Muslims say some faithful believers have connection with Mahdi and use his knowledge and at least 1000 persons have had connection and talk with Mahdi during his occultation but Any one having relation with Mahdi S.A. should keep it secret and does not declare it in public until death.

Answer 3

Abu Bakr, father of Mohammed's third wife, Ayesha.