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The macrophages release cytokines interleukin-1 and 6 as well as necrosis factor-alpha in response to the release of inflammatory chemical after tissue injury. These cytokines produce local vascular effects, increasing the expression of adhesion molecules and promoting vascular permeability. They then simulate the release of corticotrophin releasing hormone at the hypothalamus, resulting in the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone from the anterior pituirary. These adrenocorticotropic hormones act at the adrenal cortex to cause cortisol release. The cytokines then simulate the production of acute phase proteins in the liver through direct action and the release of cortisol.

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Q: Systemic and local effects of inflammation?
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