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The first bacteria to show resistance to methicillin, was staphylococci. It was demonstrated in Landon in 1964, probably. This was taken place due to composition of the staphylococci, probably. They live in grape like clusters. So the inner bacteria does not enough quantity of antibiotic. This favors the development of resistant bacteria. Staphylococci has shown resistance to many antibiotics since then. The most dreaded multiple drug resistant bacteria was found in India in 2009. It was resistant to almost all the antibiotics. Here in India general practice is dominated by unqualified doctors. The fee charged by these quacks is very less. People are looking after cheap doctors, specially in rural area and in slums of the cities.The government has no political will to stop the menace. These quacks always write one or two antibiotics for even the viral fevers and malaria also. The problem patient goes to specialist doctors. Who is compelled to use the higher antibiotics. These things favored the development of the bacteria, which are resistant to all the antibiotics.
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∙ 9y ago
Wiki User
∙ 12y agoEither Natural selection, gradualism, divergece, or speciation i dont know hwich one
Wiki User
∙ 14y agothis may be due to horizontal gene transfer between bacteria and also due to several mutations...
Wiki User
∙ 9y agoAntibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria because ______
Wiki User
∙ 9y agomutationdrug tolerance
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How does a population of bacteria resistant to antibiotics?
the bacteria mutates , so the antibiotic no longer affects the bacteria , therefore making it resistance
What one plate would you first inspect to conclude that the transformation occurred successfully Why?
If you transform bacteria with a plasmid containing a selection marker (such as an antibiotic resistance gene) and plate the transformed bacteria on a plate suited for selecting for plasmid-containing bacteria (such as a plate containing an antibiotic that only those bacteria with antibiotic resistance can survive), then simply inspecting whether colonies are present on the plate will suffice in determining whether the transformation succeeded. If no colonies are found, that means no bacteria got the antibiotic resistance gene on the plasmid and the transformation was unsuccessful. If some colonies are found, that means some bacteria contain the plamis containing the antibiotic resistance gene and those colonies can the transformation was successful.
Describe the use of plasmids as vectors in biotechnology?
Plasmids are often used as expression vectors in biotechnology. Plasmids are small, circular or linear pieces of DNA containing non-essential genes that are found in all life, although much more common in prokaryotes, especially bacteria. These genes confer abilities such as metabolizing a previously unusable compound, building an amino acid previously unbuildable, or even antibiotic resistance. Plasmids are used in research to induce the expression of a gene usually not found in the given organism. For example, you can construct a plasmid with a bacterial promoter connected to the gene for a human protein through a process called 'cloning'. The plasmid with the human gene can then be introduced into bacteria by transforming a competent gram-negative with the plasmid. Usually the plasmid also has an antibiotic resistance gene in addition to the target gene. This antibiotic resistance can be used to select for bacteria containing the plasmid. For example, the most common resistance gene is ampicillin resistance gene. If you grow the transformed bacteria in a culture containing ampicillin, only bacteria containing the antibiotic resistance, and therefore containing the plasmid, can survive. This will ensure that what you have is a pure culture of bacteria containing the plasmid. After selection, these bacteria can be cultured in suitable media to increase their numbers to a point that their production of the human protein becomes appreciable. Then these bacteria are usually lysed (killed) to extract the protein. Sometimes, however, these bacteria can also be made to secrete the protein into the medium.
Is antibiotic resistance proof of evolution?
You have a population of bacteria that are all variant, morphologically and, rather redundantly, genetically. The antibiotic is applied and some of these bacteria are resistant ( this is simplistic, but valid ) and survive to reproduce. They have been naturally selected and their alleles, which conferred their resistance, are represented in the next generation of bacteria. This is evolution; the change in allele frequency over time in a population of organisms.
Difference between direct and indirect selection of mutant bacteria?
Direct selection occurs when the bacteria are cultured in conditions where only the mutant will grow. For example, if a mutant bacterium has gained resistance to a specific antibiotic, only the mutant will be able to grow on media containing that specific antibiotic. Indirect selection occurs when the bacteria are cultured in conditions where the growth of the mutant is different from the growth of the wild type.
How is antibiotic resistance an adaptation?
The trait giving bacteria antibiotic resistance has become common, giving bacteria with the trait a selective advantage.
When bacteria are not affected by antibiotics they have?
They have resistance to the antibiotic.
Who benefits from a mutation that causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
The bacteria benefits.
Antibiotic in gene cloning?
If antibiotic resistance is added to the gene being cloned, antibiotics can be used to isolate the transformed bacteria (ones with the gene being cloned) by killing off all non-transformed bacteria, that don't have the antibiotic resistance. There is a chance that the non-transformed bacteria can mutate to develop antibiotic resistance.
What is an example of direct evidence for evolution is... genetic changes in plants antibiotic resistance in bacteria pesticide resistance in insects or all of the above?
genetic changes in plants, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and pesticide resistance in insects.
Which biological agent may be susceptible to antibiotic's but can develope resistance?
bacteria
A mutation that causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a what mutation?
Missense mutation Nonsense mutation Frameshift insertion Frameshift deletion All may cause antibiotic resistance in bacteria
What is a word meaning a bacteria has adapted to antibiotics?
Resistant or resistance is when a bacteria has adapted to an antibiotic.
How does a population of bacteria resistant to antibiotics?
the bacteria mutates , so the antibiotic no longer affects the bacteria , therefore making it resistance
What contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria?
Directional Selection
How does plasmid allow for antibiotic resistance?
A plasmid (conjugative plasmid) that has a resistance gene on it, can transfer itself to another bacterial cell (called conjugation) or assist in the transfer of a non-conjugative plasmid that has a resistance gene to another cell (called mobilization). Whichever way it happens, once the plasmid is transfered to the new cell, this cell too may show signs of resistance to the particular antibiotic. This is one of the ways of the speard of resistance amongst bacteria
How antibiotics resistance occur?
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria or other microbes builds the ability to resist the effects of the antibiotic. This happens when bacteria changes in a way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of the drugs designed to cure infections.
