On a Widows operating system,
1). Go to "My Computer".
2). Right click on the drive you wish to check for errors.
3). Select the "Tools" tab.
4). Select the "Error-checking" tab and click, "Check Now"
5). Check "Automatically fix file system errors" AND check "Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors"
6). Click "Start"
Note: If the hard drive you are checking for errors is the drive where your operating system is installed, you will be prompted that the the drive cannot be checked at this time but you will be given the option to schedule the drive (disc) check the next time you reboot your computer.
In this case choose, "schedule a dskchck".
6). Shut down the computer.
7). Reboot the computer; the hard drive is then, automatically checked for errors. Once the check is run and compelted, you computer will continue the re-boot process and your system is up, loaded and ready again to use.
That would depend on what operating system you are using. Every operating system has its own tools for checking hard drive and file system consistency.
Chkdsk utility
The cable? The cable has no file system, its just a cable.
Just resave the file. The flash drive is represented as an ordinary file system. If you can change the date of a file on a hard drive, then you can change it on a flash drive.
The formatting using its own file system is logical drive.
The next time windows is restarted.
"File Explorer".
You use My Computer & Windows Explorer to browse the file system on a drive in Windows XP.
There are many things that can cause file system errors. Often it is just a glitch, the PC hanging at the wrong time, or an abrupt shutdown. Other times, this can be an early sign of a failing hard drive. You should start by using a disk repair tool such as CHKDSK or Scandisk. You can go to My Computer, right click the C Drive, and go to Properties, then to Tools. There is an option to check the system drive there that you can use. If you have other symptoms like the system sometimes starting to a blue screen or hanging, or the system taking a long time, then you should get the hard drive manufacturer's test utility. It might be able to relocate any endangered data and/or tell you if a crash is imminent. If there are a lot of errors, then you should get a new hard drive, reinstall everything onto it, then copy any and all user data you can from the failing drive.
On a modern Microsoft Windows computer, the most frequently used file system is NTFS.
Under Windows, a floppy drive is always formatted using the FAT 12 file system.
In case of system memory dump you might not be able to get the dump file. Leave at least 1Gb of page file on your system drive and the rest assigned to a different drive.