Electrons and protons attract each other, as electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charges, and opposites attract.
When electrons are shared between atoms, the nuclei of both atoms experience attraction towards the electrons and vice versa. At a certain distance, the attraction is maximal because the repulsion between the nuclei is small while the attraction of each nuclei to the electrons is strong. Thus, the atoms are held together by their attraction to the shared electrons.
It could be electromagnetic attraction (or repulsion).
The repulsion is between valence electrons.
It decreases as you go down a group because the atomic radius increases, and the energy shells increase, so the attraction is less. also, the number of electrons going down a period also increase, so there is more repulsion, and its harder to add electrons.
Free electrons most definitely repel each other. Any attempt to create a buildup of electrons in a specific spot will eventually result in the repulsion amongst these electrons to overcome the attempt to collect them. When you rub your skin against a wool rug on a dry day, you build up a surplus of free electrons on your skin. The repulsion between these free electrons cause this surplus to scatter to all parts of the skin, thus permitting a discharge of them to occur at any place in your skin.
When electrons are shared between atoms, the nuclei of both atoms experience attraction towards the electrons and vice versa. At a certain distance, the attraction is maximal because the repulsion between the nuclei is small while the attraction of each nuclei to the electrons is strong. Thus, the atoms are held together by their attraction to the shared electrons.
there the same
there the same
It could be electromagnetic attraction (or repulsion).
The attraction or repulsion between electric charges.
Magnetism
Magnetism
It could be electromagnetic attraction (or repulsion).
reflection
Bob Sinclair
magnetic force
magnetic force