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Why is AUG the start codon in genetic translation?
The AUG codon serves as the start codon in genetic translation because it codes for the amino acid methionine, which is essential for initiating protein synthesis. This codon signals the ribosome to begin translating the mRNA sequence into a protein.
What is the DNA sequence that represents the start codon?
The start codon is represented by the DNA sequence "ATG," which corresponds to the mRNA codon "AUG." This sequence signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine. In the genetic code, the presence of this start codon is essential for initiating translation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
How is translation initiated in cell biology?
The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA The tRNA bearing methionine binds to the start codon , The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small one. The start codon signals the start of translation
Which codon tells where a sequence of amino acids is to begin?
The "met" codon begins the process of translation, coded by the RNA base sequence AUG.
What is a ''codon''?
A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; basic unit of the genetic code. In translation, an mRNA codon is recognized by its complementary tRNA anti-codon.
What does the codon sequence on the mRNA strand determine?
The codon sequence on the mRNA strand determines the specific sequence of amino acids that will be assembled into a protein during translation. Each codon, consisting of three nucleotides, corresponds to a particular amino acid or serves as a stop signal. This sequence ultimately dictates the protein's structure and function, playing a critical role in cellular processes and organismal traits. Thus, the codon sequence is fundamental to gene expression and protein synthesis.
What amino acid always begin a polypetide during translation?
Formed by the sequence AUG, it forms the start codon methionine.
What is the difference between a codon from an anticodon and explain the significance of each?
A codon is the triplet sequence in messenger RNA (mRNA) that specifies an amino acid or a start or stop command. Its complementary sequence in transfer RNA (tRNA) is called the anticodon.
Why do you think a start codon is important?
A start codon is important because it signals the beginning of translation in protein synthesis. It provides the information needed for the ribosome to initiate the assembly of the polypeptide chain. Without a start codon, translation cannot begin, and proteins essential for cell function would not be produced.
What two types of molecules are involved when the codon pairs with its anticodon?
The two types of molecules involved when the codon pairs with its anticodon are messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). The mRNA carries the codon sequence, while the tRNA carries the anticodon sequence that base-pairs with the codon during translation.
What is the difference between the terminator sequence and the stop codon in genetic transcription and translation processes?
The terminator sequence marks the end of a gene during transcription, signaling the RNA polymerase to stop. The stop codon, on the other hand, signals the end of protein synthesis during translation, causing the ribosome to release the completed protein.
What would happen if during translation of a protein the mRNA codon UAA sequence was presented?
If the mRNA codon UAA is encountered during translation, it serves as a stop codon, signaling the ribosome to stop protein synthesis and release the completed protein. This results in the premature termination of translation, leading to a shorter and incomplete protein being produced.
