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The opposite of centralization is decentralization. While centralization refers to consolidating power or control in a central authority or organization, decentralization disperses power, decision-making, or authority to multiple individuals or local units. Decentralization promotes autonomy and local decision-making.
Decentralization by devolution is a process where power and authority are transferred from a central government to regional or local entities. This allows for greater decision-making autonomy and tailored policies at the local level, which can lead to more effective governance and responsiveness to local needs. It can also promote political and administrative efficiency by distributing responsibilities closer to the people affected by them.
In vertical decentralization, the central government is the principal, the local government is the agent. In horizontal decentralization, the community is the principal, the local government is the agent.
The Federalists supported a strong federal government and the establishment of a powerful Bank of the Union, conforming to the mercantile interests of the Northern States, especially those of the New England. The Anti-Federalists supported the decentralization and the largest autonomy of the States. They feared that a central power excessively strong would lead to an oppressive government aiming to destroy the local autonomy's, establishing a financial oligarchy and a "bancocracy".
The Federalists supported a strong federal government and the establishment of a powerful Bank of the Union, conforming to the mercantile interests of the Northern States, especially those of the New England. The Anti-Federalists supported the decentralization and the largest autonomy of the States. They feared that a central power excessively strong would lead to an oppressive government aiming to destroy the local autonomy's, establishing a financial oligarchy and a "bancocracy".
Decentralized societies tend to have power and decision-making spread across various smaller groups or individuals. They often prioritize local autonomy and community participation in governance. Decentralization can promote creativity, innovation, and adaptability in response to changing circumstances.
Gina M. S. Lambright has written: 'Decentralization in Uganda' -- subject(s): Decentralization in government, Local government
Merits of decentralization include increased efficiency, as decision-making is closer to the point of service delivery, increased accountability and responsiveness to local needs, and reduced burden on central government. Demerits include potential duplication of services, lack of consistency in policy implementation, and challenges in coordinating resources and efforts across different regions.
There are a few potential benefits of decentralization in an economy. Some of those benefits include more money being retained by local resources and stimulate local economies. It curbs the excesses spending and power of central government.
Not every region has the economic resources needed to deal with their own local poverty. Decentralization therefore makes it harder to reduce poverty on a national level.
The Anti-Federalists were proponents of decentralization, maximum autonomy of the States and feared that a strong central power would become tyrannical and nullify the local governments. They were concerned that the Union government would end up in the hands of a financial oligarchy and a bankocracy. They mainly represented the interests of the South.
Policies for achieving a balance between the power of the central government and the desire of local, conquered people for some degree of autonomy