Yes, if you paid off a Defaulted student loan and don't have any other defaulted student loans, then you are eligible to get new Federally Guaranteed student loans.
yes - it can be garnished for any federal obligations
No.
the borrower
Yes.
No.
Not if he did not cosign on the loans.
yes, they definitely can and will.
If you are not delinquent with your student loan, your federal income tax refund will not be garnished.
Yes, they can.
Usually, this isn't possible, but there is something called "administrative wage garnishment" where student loan payments can be garnished without your consent and without a court order.
The Federal guideline is 15-25% of your paycheck.
Yes.