Emir or Amir is an Arabic term for leader or ruler. It has normally been used to designate a high ranking leader or subordinate. Thus, the Emir would be an Admiral or General reporting to a King. While Islam does not have bishops, Sunni Islam does have Ayatollahs which have more power than regular clergy. It has also had Emirs who are also clergy. Since Islam does not seem to follow Western Systematic Thinking, it is difficult to give a systematic presentation of the relationship. Emir is a title not a name and numerous people could have held this title.
An ameerate is an alternative term for an emirate, a place ruled by an emir.
A Caliph or khalifa is a sort of religious dictator, an Islamic ruler, considered to be the political-religious leader of an Islamic community of believers, ruling in accordance with Islamic law.
The Islamic religious leader is called the Imam, however in Islam God has said that everyone is equal and that their is no leader, the Imam is mainly used to teach people about the Islamic faith, and is also used to lead prayer, but he is not seen as a leader as everyone is seen as equal. The Religious founder in Islam is The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
It is called 'Fatwa'.
Try going to a Mosque and consult a real Islamic religious leader.
In Arabic, an Amir is a prince or ruler of an Islamic nation. In Hebrew, the word "amir" means treetop if spelled with an alef (אמיר), and sheaf if spelled with an ayin (עמיר).
It seems like the question is looking for the answer "Caliph". Caliphs used to be the "Pope of Sunni Islam". They were religious leaders and political leaders, although they were more often one than the other. (In the early period, the Rashidun Caliphs were both, the Umayyad and Abbassid Caliphs were more political than the religious, and the Seljuk and Ottoman Caliphs were more religious than political.) There has been no Caliph since the abolition of the Caliph in Istanbul by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1936. There are numerous varieties of religious non-political Islamic leaders such as Imams (Islamic Priests), Qadis (Islamic Judges), Mullahs (Islamic "Bishops"), Faqihs (Islamic Jurists), 'Alems (Islamic Scholars), Ayatollahs (Shiite Islamic "Patriarchs"), and Muftis (Islamic "Archbishops"). While they may at times have political power, like the Ayatollahs of Iran, their primary function is not political. Most Islamic scholars believe that there should be a divorce between the actual rulers and the Islamic religious leadership so that Islam cannot be blunted and warped to defend immoral political practices. There are also numerous varieties of political non-religious Islamic leaders such as Sultans, Kings, Emirs, Presidents, Prime Ministers, Ministers, Governors, etc. While these individuals may have religious authority, this is not their primary function. An example of this religious function is that Sultan Suleiman I created an Ottoman Legal Code based on Qur'anic values which has been upheld by the Qadis and the Faqihs as a valid interpretation of Islamic Law.
Emirate, Kingdom, Republic, Empire,... etc.
possibly an emir or a sheikh i believe
To end the power of the caliph, which is the Islamic religious or political leader of Islam.
A Islamic Religious teacher and a Muslim religious teacher is called a Mullah
He stands on his opinion. Oh, you mean, what do you call the piece of furniture, that elevated platform - it's a minbar.