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Lochner v. New York, (1905) was a civil case that addressed the constitutionality of State labor laws, specifically the right of New York State to pass legislation setting the maximum number of work hours permitted bakers to 10 hours per day, or 60 hours per week. The Court held that the State had no legitimate interest in protecting the health of this class of worker because there were no substantial risks involved, and that the legislature had exceeded its authority under the state's police powers.
According to the Court, the restrictions were unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause because they violated the workers' liberty interest in freely contracting with the employer. While presented as a protection of the working class, Lochner-era decisions almost invariably favored industry over labor.
Case Citation:
Lochner v. New York, 198 US 45 (1905)
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Lochner v. New York, 198 US 45 (1905)The parties were Joseph Lochner, a bakery owner who had been fined for violating state labor laws (petitioner/plaintiff), and People of the State of New York (respondent/defendant).For more information, see Related Questions, below.
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