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There are about as many doubts as that of any historical text. Yes, of course one cannot know whether or not ancient writings speak the truth, but regardless, the texts at least would still hold value. That said, many sources suggest Socrates was an actual historical figure who was widely written about in antiquity, most notably by Plato, Aristotle, Aristophanes and Xenophon. These texts, however, are inconsistent, incomplete, and undoubtedly historically inaccurate. The details of Socrates's life and character remain controversial; nonetheless, his historical existence has never been seriously questioned.

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Socrates was an actual historical person who lived in ancient Greece from 469 to 399 BC. He is considered one of the founding figures of Western philosophy.

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Q: Was Socrates an actual historical person or merely a fictional character?
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Did Socrates commit treason?

Socrates was charged with impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens rather than treason. He was found guilty and sentenced to death by drinking hemlock. His trial and execution were seen as more a result of his challenging the traditional beliefs and authority of Athenian society rather than actual treason.


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Thomas Hobbes calls Leviathan a mortal god because he believed that the power of the sovereign, represented by the Leviathan, can provide order and security to society much like a god would. By granting the sovereign power over all individuals, Hobbes saw it as a necessary authority to prevent the chaos that arises from individuals pursuing their self-interests in a state of nature.


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