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"Islamic" means that it is related to the religion called "Islam". Such countries had, and still have, a population which, in their majority, was islamic.
The Islamic Caliphates provided much of the basic science that the European Scientific Revolution used as grounding for its scientific discoveries. Other than that, the Scientific Revolution itself did not involve the Islamic Caliphates or Islamic Empires in the slightest.
They spread several things such as: the Religion of Islam, advances in Astronomy, Chemistry, Algebra, Medicine, and Geometry, various forms of visual arts, music, poetry, historical records, and philosophical treatises.
APEX: Promote Islamic scholarship in their territories.
Islamic algebra is the same as regular algebra. just like Arabic numerals is the same as 1 2 3. why is algebra important today? there is no difference between these questions.
APEX: Science and technology flourished in Islamic caliphates but declined in Western Europe.
One is translated the writing of the ancient greeks
Algebra. Algebra is one of their greatest contribution. :)
The introduction of algebra to mathematics.
Yes. It was Al Khawarzmi who invented Algebra. (Refer: Ibn-i-Khaldoon)
Arab Traders were responsible for proselytizing Islam beyond the borders of the various Caliphates, allowing for the peaceable expansion of Islam and, therefore, the Islamic World.
Islam was primarily spread by the Islamic Caliphates, which were Islamic Empires that conquered many territories. Once those territories were conquered, the lower-class status for Non-Muslims prompted wide-scale conversion. Merchants also spread the religion to many regions outside of the Caliphates.