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Racial Republicans
President Abraham Lincoln supported the Ten Percent Plan for Reconstruction because he wanted to mend ties with the former Confederate states, not punish them further.
At the end of the Civil War, the infrastructure of the South had been destroyed. The newly enfranchised former slaves did not understand the political structure. The former Confederate Solders were disenfranchised but were well trained in the techniques of war. They were willing to use military techniques against their former slaves. Northern Solders were housed in southern homes. These solders were from the dregs of society. When they left the houses, they abandoned the children they had fathered. That caused hard feelings. The desire of congress to punish confederate solders caused chaos in the South.
Radical Reconstruction was the imposition of military government in the South after the Civil War, in order to punish the former Confederate states and enforce the abolishment of slavery. Abraham Lincoln disagreed with the plans of the Radical Republicans in Congress, who instituted the military control of the South after his assassination,
Sherman, with his punitive raids across Georgia and South Carolina.
US President Lincoln had planned generous conditions for the Reconstruction Era for the former Confederate states. His assassination in 1865, negated these generous terms and the radical wing of the Republican Party set about to punish the South severely.
Andrew Johnson wanted to punish the Southerners during Reconstruction. However, Lincoln was against this tactic and chose a more diplomatic approach.
Radical Republicans
It was called Reconstruction, and included sweeping political changes. In addition to restoring an economy destroyed by war, the North sought to punish those of the former Confederate states, and deal with the many problems caused by freeing the slave populations in the South.
Nothing in the 14th punished former confederate soldiers. The 14th is about due process and has been used to ensure people know their rights when arrested (Miranda decision) and prevents citizens from illegally deprived of life, liberty or property. It also addresses equal protection under law to all citizens and limits the actions of state and local officials.
After the US Civil War, the Radical Republicans believed that the South and many of its primary leaders should be punished for causing the war. Without President Lincoln, the radicals seized the opportunity to make the reconstruction era a rough one for the former Confederacy.
Sherman's March to the Sea was a military campaign whose goal was to wreck the Georgian economy by destroying all of the farms, factories, and railroad between Atlanta and Savannah. Sherman's march was an early example of total war, in which an enemy's civilian population is targeted as well as its armies.