Was the Talmud written before or after the Torah?

Answer 1

It was written well after the Torah. The Talmud was started during the Babylonian exile.

Jewish answer:

The earliest parts of the Talmud (including the Mishna) date back to the time of Moses. The entire Talmud was studied and taught by heart. It wasn't put in writing until the year 500 CE.

Answer 2

Some facts about the Talmud:

• The most important parts of the Talmud were given at the same time as the Torah, in the lifetime of Moses. The Talmud was kept entirely orally, and learned by heart, from the time of Moses until it was written 1800 years later (1500 years ago). (See: Jewish history timeline)

• The Talmud contains the Oral Torah of the Jewish people.
  
• The Talmud serves to clarify the brief verses of the Torah and Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).
  
• The Talmud, after the Torah, is considered the primary text of Jewish learning.
  
• The Talmud contains, in addition to Torah-matters, some mathematics, geometry and trigonometry, medicine, astronomy, and advice on a large range of problems and situations.
  
• The Talmud includes information on the lives and personalities of the Sages, from Abraham down to the writing of the Talmud.
  
• The Talmud contains the Mishna (relatively brief paragraphs of law, in Hebrew) and Gemara (explanations of the Mishna, in Aramaic and Hebrew).
  
• The Talmud has thousands of published commentaries.
  
• The Talmud contains 63 tractates (volumes) in 2711 leaves (double pages). New printed editions maintain the same pagination as earlier ones.
  
• The Talmud has been banned, censored and burned many times by enemies of the Jews.
  

Some of its books are:
A tractate (volume) about the daily blessings (Berakhot)
A tractate about Shabbat
A tractate about Passover (Pesachim)
A tractate about Rosh Hashanah
A tractate about Yom Kippur (Yoma)
A tractate about Purim (Megillah)
A tractate about marriage (Ketubot)
A tractate about vows (Nedarim)
A tractate about divorce (Gittin)
Three tractates containing laws of torts, damages, property etc. (the three Bavot)
A tractate about Jewish courts (Sanhedrin)
A tractate about the prohibition of idolatry (Avodah Zarah)
A tractate about the offerings (Zevachim)
A tractate about the laws of keeping kosher (Chullin).