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Was there a local garrison in the City of Rome around the Republic and Early Empire period?
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
In the city of Rome there was the Castrum Praetorium, which was the barracks of the Praetorian Guard (Imperial Guard). Suetonius said that it was built in 23 AD by the praetorian prefect (head of the Praetorian Guard) Sejanus during the reign of Tiberius, when this reluctant emperor let him run state affairs, to consolidate this guard and to use it as a base for his bid for power. Therefore, the garrison dates from the Early Empire and did not exist during the Republic. With the creation of the Castra Praetoria, the Praetorian Guard became a major political force which often sealed the fate of emperors.
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During the Middle and Late Republic, the Praetorian Guard was the guard of Roman military commanders. This started with the rise of the Scipio clan to military prominence in the 270s BC.
Augustus laid the foundation of this guard as an imperial guard. He did so to increase his personal security and that of the city. However, he was also careful to limit its power. He set the limit for its size to nine cohorts of five hundred men. Later they were increased to 1,000. He allowed only three cohorts to be stationed in the city of Rome. The others were stationed in towns around Rome. Augustus also formed three cavalry turmae (squadrons) to patrol his palace and the major buildings. In 2 AD he appointed two Praetorian Prefects.
Originally the Castrum Praetorium was just outside the city walls, but as the Rome grew, it became incorporated into the city. The barracks was massive. It was surrounded by masonry walls and it was 440 x 380 meters (1443 x 1246 ft.). Two of the sides eventually became part of the Aurelian Walls, the new and wider circuit of walls built by the emperor Aurelian in 271-75. Constantine the Great abolished the Praetorian Guard and demolished the barracks in 312.
The area of the Castrum Praetorium is still recognisable. Its rectangular area is still in place, even though there are modern buildings in it (including Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma, a library which houses all publications in Italian) The two sides which were part of the Aurelian Walls as still standing, as is the tract of these walls to its south. The area is now called Castro Pretorio.
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
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