What is Corona Virus Impacts On Dental Practice And Potential Salivary Identification?

Answer 1

A global public health emergency is the current outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus strain (COVID-19) [1]. This infectious disease epidemic, which involves fever, inflammation, acute respiratory disorders with serious pulmonary infections, kidney failure, and even mortality, has been controlled by international centers to prevent and control disorders. The COVID-19 was found in Wuhan, Hubei, China for the first time, as a severe air condition and the worldwide spread of infections [2]. Currently, the genome sequences of clinical samples available for COVID-19 indicate that bat coronaviruses have been identified with this viral development [3]. Although the infection with coronavirus is frequently mild, either a Severe ARS-CoV or the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) beta-corona virus infection caused greater death rates [4,5,6]. Due to COVID-19 novelty, some virus characteristics are still unknown. Given that COVID-19 has recently been found in saliva in infected patients, the outbreak COVID-19 reminds that dental/oral health professionals and other medical professionals must always protect themselves against the spread of infectious disease and offers the opportunity to determine whether a non - invasive saliva diagnosis for COVID-19 can help detect such viruses and reduce the spread of the COVID-19 [7]. The COVID-19 has been isolated by the Chinese Institute for Disease Control and Prevention. The data on the viral genome sequences were subsequently published in international GenBank and GISAID database [8,9]. In many countries this action allowed laboratories to perform specific COVID-19 diagnostic PCR tests. Currently, transmission routes of COVID-19 still have to be defined, but transmission between human to human have been established [10,11]. Transmission routes are nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and blood extracts which will be used for the lab diagnostic testing. Expectorated sputum and other specimens in severe respiratory disease should be considered as lower respiratory tract samples [12,13]. Numerous COVID-19 transmission potential scenarios were identified. Goutlets are typically associated with saliva which may come with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal illness. Long-distance transmission of larger drops to local people may help spread virus and, on the other, smaller droplets contaminated with air-suspension viral particles will spread long-distance transmission [14]. Since laboratory experiments are also carried out in blood samples, infected blood circulation should also be considered. In this case, healthcare professionals, such as dentists, can provide clinical treatment unknown to patients who have been compromised and who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 or are suspected of being infected. Asymptomatic infection initiated even before the disease’s signs appear and transmission may occur [15]. A recent clinical study has shown that 29% of 138 COVID-19 pneumonia hospital patients in Wuhan, China, work for healthcare professionals [16]. Inhalation of airborne particles and aerosols produced in patients with COVID-19 during dental procedures, bronchoscopying is a high risk procedure where dentists are exposed to this virus directly and in a close manner [17]. Therefore, it is important to avoid COVID-19 contamination in Dental clinics/hospitals/private chambers by concentrating on patients' location, hand hygiene, all personal protective equipment (PPE) and vigilance when carrying out aerosol producing procedures. The Temporary Advice for CDC health staff has been revised to improve as more research is available on COVID-19 infection and spread. Theoretically, COVID-19 can be associated with salivary networks. Some strains of viruses in saliva were found within 29 days after infection showing that a non-invasive platform to quickly distinguish biomarkers from saliva might improve the detection of diseases [18-20]. For patients with oropharyngeal secretions a drop of saliva should be obtained as a sample [12,13]. In order to collect nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples by close interaction with health workers and contaminated patients will significantly reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. In addition, the compilation of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal induces malaise and may facilitate bleeding especially in thrombocytopenia infected patients. Only 28 percent of COVID-19 patients produced sputum in the lower respiratory tract, which indicates a significant diagnostic limitation. We believe there are at least 3 separate channels in saliva for COVID-19: in the lower and upper respiratory tract which are usually mixed in the oral cavity with the liquid droplets. Secondly, COVID-19 containing local proteins derived from extracellular and serum proteins can enter the mouth through shrinkage fluid, oral exudates of cavity [21].