They're not just on tractor-trailers - you'll find them on most air brake equipped vehicles.
Spring brakes can be described as parking brakes. That's the simple answer.
They are brakes which are held down by a spring. When air pressure is introduced into the system, via the service air system, the air pushes against those brakes, forcing the spring to compress, and releasing the brakes. The air pressure must remain constant in order for the spring brakes to remain released.
It's used as a parking brake. Spring brakes clamp down when there is no air applied, locking up the wheels. When air is applied, they are pushed up against the springs by air pressure, releasing the brakes, and allowing the vehicle to move.
An 18 wheeler consists of a tractor (meaning something that pulls) and a trailer (meaning something that follows.) A semi tractor-trailer rig has a trailer that sits on top of the frame of the tractor on a coupling device called a "fifth wheel." The tractor has ten wheels with two on the front axle and four on each drive axle in the rear. The trailer has two axles with 4 wheels each. The tractor and trailer together are informally called a rig. Is that what you were after?
Rig
The tractor weighs 20,000 pounds, the trailer weighs whatever it weighs, and the maximum weight of a loaded tractor trailer with one trailer is 80,000 pounds.
Repossessed tractor trailers can be purchased from some tractor trailer dealers. If the rig was previously financed by a bank, the bank repossessing it will try to sell the tractor trailer to a dealer before selling it to the public.
Could be anywhere from 55 to 80 feet, depending on the length of the power unit.
A converter gear or dolly is a coupling device of one or two axles and a fifth wheel by which a semi-trailer can be coupled to the rear of a tractor-trailer combination forming a double bottom rig.
Well there are no 55 foot trailers. The standard now days are the 53 foot trailers. Some companies have experimented with 57 foot trailers but they could ot be taken east of the Mississippi when I was driving. The total length varies depending on the rig that is pulling the trailer. The combination I believe is usally around 65-70 feet, could be a little less or a little more depending on the rig. Having recently conducted a study in California in hopes of changing the length law in this state, I measured 67 tractor trailer combinations. 57 of those combinations had measurements that fell between 73-75 feet. All combinations were made up of a conventioal tractor and a single 53 foot trailer. Hope this helps you.
Depends on the type and size of the rig, but a typical tractor weighs 15,000# and a 53' enclosed van trailer weighs about 13,000#, for a total of 28,000 lbs. Most US highways have an 80,000 pound weight limit, so the load capacity or maximum net weight of a typical tractor-trailer is 52,000 lbs.
Depends on the context in which its used. Could be a "rig" on land or in water. Some jobs require "Riggers / Welders" who work with cranes and must be able to "rig" large loads as well as fabricate crane booms and spreader bars. "rig welder" is a vague term, most likely job specific.
It's short for "semitrailer". The entire rig is properly called a tractor-semitrailer. It's a semitrailer because it's only part of a trailer; it only has the back set of wheels (the front wheels under the cargo area are attached to the tractor, the part with the engine and the driver's cab).
Anything from 100 to 400 gallons, split between two tanks. Most of the rigs you see going down the road carry 200 gallons--dual 100 gallon tanks.