For white, Chardonnay is the grape used, so find a cool, relatively, area of Australia, Margaret River perhaps, and get one from there, after that it depends on what style you're looking for, oaked or not etc. For example Chablis is unoaked and fruit driven whereas Chassange Montrachet would be have gone through MLF and some oak aging. The back label on the Aussie bottle will tell you how it's been made, for Burgundy however you'll need to know your communes!!
For red, again Margaret River is again a good area, try to find as light a style as possible of pinot noir.
You'll easily find a substitute for the Burgundian wines in Australia but you're better off just paying the extra and going for the original, they are some if the best wines in the world after all!
Yes
French Burgundy is pinot noir if it's red, chardonnay if it's white. The subsection of Burgundy called Beaujolais is made from the gamay grape. You will also, rarely, find the white grape called alicante bouchet.
Any red wine can be substituted for Burgundy when creating a sauce or making a casserole such a Coq au Vin. Cheap Roses are excellent for adding a fruity panache to such dishes and easy on the budget.
You can use any wine you wish in the recipe. The wine substitute would yield a different flavor. The flavor may be more sour or sweet, depending on the tendencies of the wine.
you can and cant
It is best to use a regular burgandy (not a cooking wine) in cooking. Cooking wines often contain salt and can change the flavor of the dish. I'd choose a moderately priced wine intended for drinking.
sherry
Sometimes.
Most definitely! If you are lucky enough to find a wine house that has the original bottled recipe for sparkling burgundy still being produced, you will be lucky. At one time it was a very popular resturant dinner drink to accompany your meal. The demand for its rebirth is somewhat lacking amongst the wine and champagne producers.
It will change the taste.
Yes, I use Chianti especially in tomato sauces. Great for Italian food, but switch to a burgundy for French!
No, because moscato is a sweet white wine, and marsala is a dry red wine.