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i) Schema table
Ii) Link Table
iii) Data table
iv)Configuration Table
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What is the file name for the Active Directory Database Where is it located?
Windows 2000 Active Directory data store, the actual database file, is %SystemRoot%\ntds\NTDS.DIT
Where is the AD database held What other folders are related to?
NTDS.dit is a active AD data base file stores in %systemroot%system32\NTDS\ntds.dit. Edb.chk, Edb*.log, res1, res2 are the files related to AD
What is the full form of NTDS?
New Technology Directory Servicers
What is the default size of the ntds log files?
The default size of the ntds log files is dependent on the server version. In Windows 2000, the default size is 10 MB, while in Windows 2003 the default size is 12 MB.
What protocol has become an industry standard that enables data exchange between directory services and applications?
NTDS
What utility do you use to mark active directory objects as authoritative?
NTDS utility is used for this and this is found in admin pak
Where is the AD database held and What are other folders related to AD?
Where_is_the_AD_database_held_What_other_folders_are_related_to_ADDatabase is saved in/ntds. You can see other files also in this folder. These are the main files controlling the AD structurentds.ditedb.logres1.logres2.logedb.chkSysVOl folder is also created which is used for replicationWhen a change is made to the Win2K database, triggering a write operation, Win2K records the transaction in the log file (edb.log). Once written to the log file, the change is then written to the AD database. System performance determines how fast the system writes the data to the AD database from the log file. Any time the system is shut down, all transactions are saved to the database.During the installation of AD, Windows creates two files: res1.log and res2.log. The initial size of each is 10MB. These files are used to ensure that changes can be written to disk should the system run out of free disk space. The checkpoint file (edb.chk) records transactions committed to the AD database (ntds.dit). During shutdown, a "shutdown" statement is written to the edb.chk file. Then, during a reboot, AD determines that all transactions in the edb.log file have been committed to the AD database. If, for some reason, the edb.chk file doesn't exist on reboot or the shutdown statement isn't present, AD will use the edb.log file to update the AD database.The last file in our list of files to know is the AD database itself, ntds.dit. By default, the file is located in\NTDS, along with the other files we've discussed
What has the author Michael Kirchgaessner written?
Michael Kirchgaessner has written: 'Analysis of program structure and error characteristics as applied to NTDS programs' -- subject(s): Computer science
What master database contains definitions of all objects in the Active Directory?
The NTDS.DIT This is the main AD database. NTDS stands for NT Directory Services. The DIT stands for Directory Information Tree. The Ntds.dit file on a particular domain controller contains all naming contexts hosted by that domain controller, including the Configuration and Schema naming contexts. A Global Catalog server stores the partial naming context replicas in the Ntds.dit right along with the full Domain naming context for its domain. Windows 2000 Active Directory data store, the actual database file, is %SystemRoot%\ntds\NTDS.DIT. The ntds.dit file is the heart of Active Directory including user accounts. Active Directory's database engine is the Extensible Storage Engine ( ESE ) which is based on the Jet database used by Exchange 5.5 and WINS. The ESE has the capability to grow to 16 terabytes which would be large enough for 10 million objects. Back to the real world. Only the Jet database can maniuplate information within the AD datastore. For information on domain controller configuration to optimize Active Directory, see Optimize Active Directory Disk Performance The Active Directory ESE database, NTDS.DIT, consists of the following tables: * Schema table the types of objects that can be created in the Active Directory, relationships between them, and the optional and mandatory attributes on each type of object. This table is fairly static and much smaller than the data table. * Link table contains linked attributes, which contain values referring to other objects in the Active Directory. Take the MemberOf attribute on a user object. That attribute contains values that reference groups to which the user belongs. This is also far smaller than the data table. * Data table users, groups, application-specific data, and any other data stored in the Active Directory. The data table can be thought of as having rows where each row represents an instance of an object such as a user, and columns where each column represents an attribute in the schema such as GivenName. From a different perspective, Active Directory has three types of data * Schema information definitional details about objects and attributes that one CAN store in the AD. Replicates to all domain controllers. Static in nature. * Configuration information configuration data about forest and trees. Replicates to all domain controllers. Static as your forest is. * Domain information object information for a domain. Replicates to all domain controllers within a domain. The object portion becomes part of Global Catalog. The attribute values (the actual bulk of data) only replicates within the domain. Although GUIDs are unique, they are large. AD uses distinguished name tag ( DNT ). DNT is a 4-byte DWORD value which is incremented when a new object is created in the store. The DNT represents the object's database row number. It is an example of a fixed column. Each object's parent relationship is stored as a parent distinguished name tag ( PDNT ). Resolution of parent-child relationships is optimized because the DNT and PDNT are indexed fields in the database. For more technical info on the AD datastore and its organization, a good starting point is the Active Directory Database Sizing document. The size of ntds.dit will often be different sizes across the domain controllers in a domain. Remember that Active Directory is a multi-master independent model where updates are occuring in each of the ADs with the changes being replicated over time to the other domain controllers. The changed data is replicated between domain controllers, not the database, so there is no guarantee that the files are going to be the same size across all domain controllers.
How do you configure a stand-by operation master for any of the roles?
# Open Active Directory Sites and Services. # Expand the site name in which the standby operations master is located to display the Servers folder. # Expand the Serversfolder to see a list of the servers in that site. # Expand the name of the server that you want to be the standby operations master to display its NTDS Settings. # Right-click NTDS Settings, click New, and then click Connection. # In the Find Domain Controllers dialog box, select the name of the current role holder, and then click OK. # In the New Object-Connection dialog box, enter an appropriate name for the Connection object or accept the default name, and click OK.
What is the file that's responsible for keeping all active Directory database?
Windows 2000 Active Directory data store, the actual database file, is \ntds\NTDS.DIT. The ntds.dit file is the heart of Active Directory including user accounts. Active Directory's database engine is the Extensible Storage Engine ( ESE ) which is based on the Jet database used by Exchange 5.5 and WINS. The ESE has the capability to grow to 16 terabytes which would be large enough for 10 million objects. Back to the real world. Only the Jet database can maniuplate information within the AD datastore.For information on domain controller configuration to optimize Active Directory, see Optimize Active Directory Disk PerformanceThe Active Directory ESE database, NTDS.DIT, consists of the following tables:Schema table the types of objects that can be created in the Active Directory, relationships between them, and the optional and mandatory attributes on each type of object. This table is fairly static and much smaller than the data table.Link table contains linked attributes, which contain values referring to other objects in the Active Directory. Take the MemberOf attribute on a user object. That attribute contains values that reference groups to which the user belongs. This is also far smaller than the data table.Data table users, groups, application-specific data, and any other data stored in the Active Directory. The data table can be thought of as having rows where each row represents an instance of an object such as a user, and columns where each column represents an attribute in the schema such as GivenName.From a different perspective, Active Directory has three types of dataSchema information definitional details about objects and attributes that one CAN store in the AD. Replicates to all domain controllers. Static in nature.Configuration information configuration data about forest and trees. Replicates to all domain controllers. Static as your forest is.Domain information object information for a domain. Replicates to all domain controllers within a domain. The object portion becomes part of Global Catalog. The attribute values (the actual bulk of data) only replicates within the domain.Although GUIDs are unique, they are large. AD uses distinguished name tag ( DNT ). DNT is a 4-byte DWORD value which is incremented when a new object is created in the store. The DNT represents the object's database row number. It is an example of a fixed column. Each object's parent relationship is stored as a parent distinguished name tag ( PDNT ). Resolution of parent-child relationships is optimized because the DNT and PDNT are indexed fields in the database. For more technical info on the AD datastore and its organization, a good starting point is the Active Directory Database Sizing document.The size of ntds.dit will often be different sizes across the domain controllers in a domain. Remember that Active Directory is a multi-master independent model where updates are occuring in each of the ADs with the changes being replicated over time to the other domain controllers. The changed data is replicated between domain controllers, not the database, so there is no guarantee that the files are going to be the same size across all domain controllers.Active Directory routinely performs online database defragmentation, but this is limited to the disposal of tombstoned objects. The database file cannot be compacted while Active Directory is mounted. An ntds.dit file that has been defragmented offline ( compacted ), can be much smaller than the ntds.dit file on its peers. To defrag ntds.dit offline:Back up the Active Directory using Windows 2000 Backup. W2K backup natively supports backing up Active Directory while online. This occurs automatically when you select the option to back up everything on the computer in the Backup Wizard, or independently by selecting to back upSystem State in the backup wizard.RebootSelect the appropriate installation from the boot menu, and press F8 to display the Windows 2000 Advanced Options menu.Choose Directory Services Restore Mode and press ENTER. Press ENTER again to start the boot process.Logon using the password defined for the local Administrator account in the offline SAM.Click Start, Programs, Accessories, and then click Command Prompt.At the command prompt, run the ntdsutil command.When ntdsutil has started Type files and press ENTER.Type info and then press ENTER. This will display current information about the path and size of the Active Directory database and its log files.Type compact to drive:\directory, and press ENTER. Be sure that the drive specified has enough drive space for the compacted database to be created. I know, you don't know how big the compacted version will be, but if there is enough space for the uncompacted version, you should be OK. A gotcha!: You must specify a directory path and if the path name has spaces, the command will not work unless you use quotation marks compact to "c:\my new folder"Type quit and press Enter.Type quit and press Enter to return to the command prompt. A new compacted database named Ntds.dit can be found in the folder you specified.Copy the new ntds.dit file over the old ntds.dit file. You have successfully compacted the Active Directory database. If you believe in belts and suspenders, I would copy the old uncompacted database somewhere else before I overwrote it with the new compacted version.Reboot and see if all is normal.This is a server by server task. Monitor the size of ntds.dit and if it starts growing and performance is slow and you can not see why either situation should apply, consider offline defrags.If ntds.dit gets corrupted or deleted or is missing ( can happen if the promotion process to domain controller goes bad ), you have to manually recover it using Windows 2000 Backup. Now you did do W2K backups right?:Reboot the domain controller and press F8 to display the Windows 2000 Advanced Options menu.Select Directory Services Restore Mode and then press ENTER.Select the correct installation, and then press ENTER to start the boot process.Logon using the administrator account and password you specified during the promotion process. When you ran Dcpromo.exe to install Active Directory, it requested a password to be used for the Administrator password for Active Directory Restore Mode. This password is not stored in Active Directory. It is stored in an NT4-style SAM file and is the only account available when the AD is corrupted.Click OK. This acknowledges the warning message that you are using Safe mode.Click Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and then click Backup.Select the Restore tab.Click the + symbol next to the following items to expand them: FileMedia CreatedSystem DriveWinntNTDSClick the NTDS folder to display the files in the folder.Click to select the ntds.dit check box.Leave the Restore files to box set to Original Location. This check box provides the option to restore to an alternative location. If you restore to an alternative location, you will have to copy the ntds.dit file into the\ntds folder.Click Start Restore.To move a database or log file :Reboot the domain controller and press F8 to display the Windows 2000 Advanced Options menu.Select Directory Services Restore Mode and then press ENTER.Select the correct installation, and then press ENTER to start the boot process.Logon using the administrator account and password you specified during the promotion process. When you ran Dcpromo.exe to install Active Directory, it requested a password to be used for the Administrator password for Active Directory Restore Mode. This password is not stored in Active Directory. It is stored in an NT4-style SAM file and is the only account available when the AD is corrupted.Start a command prompt, and then type ntdsutil.exe .At a Ntdsutil prompt, type files.At the File Maintenance prompt To move a database, type move db to %s where %s is the drive and folder where you want the database moved.To move log files, type move logs to %s where %s is the drive and folder where you want the log files moved.To view the log files or database, type info.To verify the integrity of the database at its new location, type integrity.Type quitType quit to return to a command prompt.Restart the computer in Normal mode.When you move the database and log files, you must back up the domain controller.
What is the file that is responsible for keeping all Active Directory database?
Windows 2000 Active Directory data store, the actual database file, is \ntds\NTDS.DIT. The ntds.dit file is the heart of Active Directory including user accounts. Active Directory's database engine is the Extensible Storage Engine ( ESE ) which is based on the Jet database used by Exchange 5.5 and WINS. The ESE has the capability to grow to 16 terabytes which would be large enough for 10 million objects. Back to the real world. Only the Jet database can maniuplate information within the AD datastore.For information on domain controller configuration to optimize Active Directory, see Optimize Active Directory Disk PerformanceThe Active Directory ESE database, NTDS.DIT, consists of the following tables:Schema table the types of objects that can be created in the Active Directory, relationships between them, and the optional and mandatory attributes on each type of object. This table is fairly static and much smaller than the data table.Link table contains linked attributes, which contain values referring to other objects in the Active Directory. Take the MemberOf attribute on a user object. That attribute contains values that reference groups to which the user belongs. This is also far smaller than the data table.Data table users, groups, application-specific data, and any other data stored in the Active Directory. The data table can be thought of as having rows where each row represents an instance of an object such as a user, and columns where each column represents an attribute in the schema such as GivenName.From a different perspective, Active Directory has three types of dataSchema information definitional details about objects and attributes that one CAN store in the AD. Replicates to all domain controllers. Static in nature.Configuration information configuration data about forest and trees. Replicates to all domain controllers. Static as your forest is.Domain information object information for a domain. Replicates to all domain controllers within a domain. The object portion becomes part of Global Catalog. The attribute values (the actual bulk of data) only replicates within the domain.Although GUIDs are unique, they are large. AD uses distinguished name tag ( DNT ). DNT is a 4-byte DWORD value which is incremented when a new object is created in the store. The DNT represents the object's database row number. It is an example of a fixed column. Each object's parent relationship is stored as a parent distinguished name tag ( PDNT ). Resolution of parent-child relationships is optimized because the DNT and PDNT are indexed fields in the database. For more technical info on the AD datastore and its organization, a good starting point is the Active Directory Database Sizing document.The size of ntds.dit will often be different sizes across the domain controllers in a domain. Remember that Active Directory is a multi-master independent model where updates are occuring in each of the ADs with the changes being replicated over time to the other domain controllers. The changed data is replicated between domain controllers, not the database, so there is no guarantee that the files are going to be the same size across all domain controllers.Active Directory routinely performs online database defragmentation, but this is limited to the disposal of tombstoned objects. The database file cannot be compacted while Active Directory is mounted. An ntds.dit file that has been defragmented offline ( compacted ), can be much smaller than the ntds.dit file on its peers. To defrag ntds.dit offline:Back up the Active Directory using Windows 2000 Backup. W2K backup natively supports backing up Active Directory while online. This occurs automatically when you select the option to back up everything on the computer in the Backup Wizard, or independently by selecting to back upSystem State in the backup wizard.RebootSelect the appropriate installation from the boot menu, and press F8 to display the Windows 2000 Advanced Options menu.Choose Directory Services Restore Mode and press ENTER. Press ENTER again to start the boot process.Logon using the password defined for the local Administrator account in the offline SAM.Click Start, Programs, Accessories, and then click Command Prompt.At the command prompt, run the ntdsutil command.When ntdsutil has started Type files and press ENTER.Type info and then press ENTER. This will display current information about the path and size of the Active Directory database and its log files.Type compact to drive:\directory, and press ENTER. Be sure that the drive specified has enough drive space for the compacted database to be created. I know, you don't know how big the compacted version will be, but if there is enough space for the uncompacted version, you should be OK. A gotcha!: You must specify a directory path and if the path name has spaces, the command will not work unless you use quotation marks compact to "c:\my new folder"Type quit and press Enter.Type quit and press Enter to return to the command prompt. A new compacted database named Ntds.dit can be found in the folder you specified.Copy the new ntds.dit file over the old ntds.dit file. You have successfully compacted the Active Directory database. If you believe in belts and suspenders, I would copy the old uncompacted database somewhere else before I overwrote it with the new compacted version.Reboot and see if all is normal.This is a server by server task. Monitor the size of ntds.dit and if it starts growing and performance is slow and you can not see why either situation should apply, consider offline defrags.If ntds.dit gets corrupted or deleted or is missing ( can happen if the promotion process to domain controller goes bad ), you have to manually recover it using Windows 2000 Backup. Now you did do W2K backups right?:Reboot the domain controller and press F8 to display the Windows 2000 Advanced Options menu.Select Directory Services Restore Mode and then press ENTER.Select the correct installation, and then press ENTER to start the boot process.Logon using the administrator account and password you specified during the promotion process. When you ran Dcpromo.exe to install Active Directory, it requested a password to be used for the Administrator password for Active Directory Restore Mode. This password is not stored in Active Directory. It is stored in an NT4-style SAM file and is the only account available when the AD is corrupted.Click OK. This acknowledges the warning message that you are using Safe mode.Click Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and then click Backup.Select the Restore tab.Click the + symbol next to the following items to expand them: FileMedia CreatedSystem DriveWinntNTDSClick the NTDS folder to display the files in the folder.Click to select the ntds.dit check box.Leave the Restore files to box set to Original Location. This check box provides the option to restore to an alternative location. If you restore to an alternative location, you will have to copy the ntds.dit file into the\ntds folder.Click Start Restore.To move a database or log file :Reboot the domain controller and press F8 to display the Windows 2000 Advanced Options menu.Select Directory Services Restore Mode and then press ENTER.Select the correct installation, and then press ENTER to start the boot process.Logon using the administrator account and password you specified during the promotion process. When you ran Dcpromo.exe to install Active Directory, it requested a password to be used for the Administrator password for Active Directory Restore Mode. This password is not stored in Active Directory. It is stored in an NT4-style SAM file and is the only account available when the AD is corrupted.Start a command prompt, and then type ntdsutil.exe .At a Ntdsutil prompt, type files.At the File Maintenance prompt To move a database, type move db to %s where %s is the drive and folder where you want the database moved.To move log files, type move logs to %s where %s is the drive and folder where you want the log files moved.To view the log files or database, type info.To verify the integrity of the database at its new location, type integrity.Type quitType quit to return to a command prompt.Restart the computer in Normal mode.When you move the database and log files, you must back up the domain controller.
