Panama was colonized during the 1500's. The country of Panama was colonized by the Spanish, and the first European to set foot on the isthmus of Panama was Rodrigo de Bastidas.
Spain!
The first European who reached and ultimately colonized Brazil was Pedro Alvares Cabral in 1500. Brazil spent hundreds of years as a Portuguese colony.
Start in year 1500
The Netherlands
The Portuguese colonized Brazil in the 1500's.
The Spanish Empire conquered Mexico in 1521.
The Spanish conquistadors started to colonize the area of Venezuela
Portugal was the country that colonized Brazil, beginning with the voyage by Pedro Alvares Cabral in 1500. This is why the main language of Brazil is Portuguese rather than Spanish as in most of Latin America.
France
Many European settlements did occur between the years 1500 and 1770. However, most of the European migration and settlement happened between the 1640s and 1770, as English began to settle the islands in the New World.
European rulers between 800 and 1500 turned to knights to fight their battles for them. Modern armies emerged after 1500.