A, B and D are subnets. C is not.
IP addresses A and D are both Class B subnets. Class B addresses normally have a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. The first two bits of a class B network are always 10 which leaves 14 bits for the network prefix, thus allowing up to 16,384 separate Class B networks (including 139.233.0.0 and 190.233.0.0). The last 16 bits denote the host number thus there can be up to 65,536 hosts per network. By specifying a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 the network can be divided into as many as 256 separate subnets each with 256 hosts.
IP address B is a Class A subnet. Class A addresses normally have a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. The first bit of a class A network is always 0, which leaves 7 bits for the network prefix, thus allowing up to 127 Class A networks (including 10.0.0.0). The last 24 bits denote the host number thus there can be up to 16,777,216 hosts per network. By specifying a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, the hosts can be divided into as many as 65,536 separate subnets each with up to 256 hosts.
IP address C is a Class C address, but is not a subnet. Class C addresses normally have a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. The first three bits in a Class C network are always 110, leaving 21 bits for the network prefix, thus allowing up to 2,097,152 Class C networks (including 192.168.0.0). The last 8 bits denote the host number thus there can be up 256 hosts per network. To make a subnet out of a Class C address you must have a subnet mask of 255.255.255.X, where X may be 192, 224, 240, 248 or 252. That is, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 bits to denote the subnet and the remaining bits to denote the hosts. Thus a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192 would allow as many as 4 subnets each with up to 64 hosts, while a subnet mask of 255.255.255.240 would allow as many as 16 subnets each with up to 16 hosts.
It should be noted that the maximum number of hosts is actually 2 less than the figures shown above. This is because the host address with all 0 bits is reserved for network address while the host address with all 1 bits is reserved for broadcasting.
65,534
10.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 10.5.0.0[90/205891] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D 10.5.0.0[90/205198] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0 10.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 10.5.0.0[90/205901] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0 10.0.0.0/8 is subnetted, 4 subnets D 10.5.0.0[90/205001] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0
255.255.0.0 Class B 128.0.0.0 - 191.254.254.254 default subnet 255.255.0.0
If your address is not subnetted, then the default subnet mask would be used. For this class address, it would be 255.0.0.0
255.255.254.0
Each device can be identified by its IP address (assigned for the network and can be subnetted) and its MAC - which is a device identifier supposedly unique to the device.
26
You have a class C network connection. Since the subnet mask was not specified I can't tell if it is a traditional class C or if the network has been subnetted.
There isn't just a single subnet mask that could be used for that address. The default subnet mask would be 255.0.0.0, but there could be others if the network is subnetted.
The subnet id identifies which smaller network within a larger network (the subnetted network) the packet should be delivered to. The subnet id is part of the extended network prefix which is used for routing.
A general industry rule of thumb is to use the first IP address in a range for the default gateway address. That would be .1 for most classful, non-subnetted networks.
The gateway address can only be assigned after the subnet mask is declared. You really can't define both from just an IP address of a single node. The network may or may not be subnetted.