What advances did the Egyptians make in the fields of medicine astronomy and engineering?

Answer 1

Egypt incorporated plants animal parts and minerals in their medicine. The Egyptian Imhotep (Biblical Joseph) is the first physician in history known by name. The earliest known surgery in Egypt was performed in Egypt around 2750 BCE. The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus treats women's complaints, including problems with conception. Thirty four cases detailing diagnosis and treatment survive, some of them fragmentarily. Dating to 1800 BCE, it is the oldest surviving medical text of any kind.

The flooding of the Nile was paramount to the Egyptians. The Egyptian astronomers, who were actually priests, recognized that the flooding always occurred at the summer solstice, which was also when the bright star Sirius rose before the Sun. The priests were therefore able to predict the annual flooding, which made them quite powerful.

Imhotep (Biblical Joseph) is considered by some to be the earliest known architect and engineer. Ancient Egyptians actually reached unmatched high levels in architectural design and construction engineering. Even at present it is still hard to conceive how they could have all these buildings and structures erected with such high level of perfection and precision, using only primitive and naive tools for incomparable with modern machinery and equipment.