You have to take into account many factors, the maturity of the child, current living situation; would their situation be better with the other parent. That is just a few considerations. Every child has different circumstances so same answer is not going to apply to all cases. Common sense is probably the best answer; do what is best for the child.
In the UK you can move out at 16 though so by then you can choose.
Well, if court says your child does not have to ever see the other parent then yes. But if not then no.
It depends on the state you live in and what the laws are that govern that state. In most cases, the child can not just live with one parent, because the custody belongs to the other parent. That child can wait until the age of 18, to move-in with the other parent or that child can ask the court to move with the other parent.
Only with the permission of the court
Not if the other parent has joint custody and/or visitation rights.
no
Not without the consent of the non-custodial parent ! The other parent has a right to know who their child has been left with (and perhaps would take the child themselves as a better guardian).
No, but that does not prevent the other parent from filing an injunction stopping the move, or requiring the return of the child to the county.
If you have joint custody, there is one parent that is the custodial parent. A child can move in with you if you are the custodial parent or you can file in court to change your status to the custodial parent. The child should want to live with you as well.
It depends on the individuals concerned. The custodian can insist the other parent travels to them to visit the child. If the non-custodian wants to take the child out for the day - it's their responsibility to return the child to the place of residence, on or before the agreed time.
Age 18 see link below
yes
No they can not if any court has jurisdiction over the child or the other parent has visitation rights. In that case they need toe parent's consent and court approval.