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What and when were five space probes launched?

Updated: 8/18/2019
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Five notable space probes are:

  1. Mariner 10, an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus.
  2. Venera 3, a Soviet Venera program space probe was built and launched by the Soviet Union to explore the surface of Venus in November 1965.
  3. The Venera 7, a Sovietspacecraft, was part of the Venera series of probes to Venus. It became the first man-made spacecraft to land successfully on another planet, and transmit data from there back to Earth. It was launched in August of 1970.
  4. A solar observatory in the International Sun-Earth Explorer series, ICE was sent into solar orbit to make the first close observations of a comet, Comet Giacobini-Zinner, in 1985 as a prelude to studies of Halley's Comet.
  5. Sakigake(translating to "pioneer", or "Pathfinder0 was Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft. Launched in January 1985, it was the first deep space probe to be launched by any country other than the USA or the Soviet Union.

For monformation about space probes, see the Relate Link.

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Q: What and when were five space probes launched?
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