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Stereomicroscope, Compound Microscope, Phase-contrast microscope, electron microscope, Scanning-electron microscope, Transmission electron microscope, Confocal-scanning microscope. THESE ARE JUST SOME. :)
There are several type of microscopes, mainly, the one that we use in lab is a simple light microscope or a compound microscope. Then we have the phase contrast microscope, fluorescent microscope, electron microscope (transmission electron microscope [TEM] and scanning electron microscope [SEM]), confocal microscope and even dissection microscope the one which we use during dissections.
There are reflective microscopes (similar in design to a telescope), and transmission microscopes where the objective is on the other sample and used for looking at slides. There are phase-contrast microscope, electron microscopes and scanning tunneling microscope.
A light microscope uses a light source but a electron microscope has beams of electrons focused by magnetic lenses.The major difference in practice is resolution: the amount of detail that can be discerned in the image. Under optimal conditions (excellent lenses, oil immersion) the resolution of a light microscope is about 0.2 micrometers (or 0.000,000,2 meters or 2 thousandths of a millimeter). Objects that are closer together cannot be detected as separate. The resolution of an transmission electron microscope is about 0.05 nanometers (or 0.000,000,000,05 meters or half of 1 millionth of a millimeter). This means that the electron microscope has about 10,000 times the resolving power of the light instrument, and can therefore show far greater detail, for example of subcellular structure.Another difference of importance to biologists is that light microscopes (there are several kinds, such as bright field and phase contrast) enable the viewer to watch living cells. The electron microscope produces an image of the shadows cast by atoms of heavy metals used as stains; the living tissue is destroyed by the intense beam of electrons.
A Dark Field microscope is one that has a special condensor (light source) that illuminates the specimen in such a way as to enhance the contrast even if it is unstained. When you look at a specimen in a dark field scope, it looks bright, but it is visible against a black background -- the 'dark field.'
halo formation
Can view live samples and observe motility and responses to stimuli
Fritts Zernike invented the phase contrast microscope in 1932. He received a Nobel Prize for it in 1953.
Frits Zernike
phase contrast
The microscope that takes advantage of differences in the refractive indexes of cell structure is the phase contrast microscope. The microscope that is used to see internal structure of cells in a natural state is also a phase contrast microscope.
diaphragm with annular stop and phase plate in the objective lens
In 1932
The microscope that is used to see internal structures of cells in a natural state is the compound light microscope. The microscope has a lens and light that allows it to see the internal structures of a cell clearly.
Using a phase-contrast microscope
A phase microscope is also a contrast microscope. It empasizes slight differences in a specimen's capacity to bend light waves,enhancing light and darker regions without the use of stains.
the first limitation is understanding phase diagrams