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Antibiotics are an amalgam of substances derived from microorganisms to control the growth of or kill off bacteria. Most credit Alexander Fleming for the discovery of penicillin and its many uses. Joseph Lister is also considered one of the forerunners in this field.

Fleming discovered lysozyme (an antiseptic enzyme that occurs in tissue and secretions such as mucus and tears) in 1921 during his military career. In 1927, he discovered penicillin. The next year while experimenting with the influenza virus he found that a certain strand of penicillin, Penicillium notatum, completely destroyed staphylococcus bacteria in a culture plate. The mold created a "germ-free barrier," if you will, that prevented the staphylococcus from growing. Fleming found that this discovery was effective even when diluted to 800 times.

And that's how penicillin was "born."

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Q: What are antibiotics and how were they first discovered?
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