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The main ideal conditions for thunderstorms:

  • Plenty of warm, moist air in the lower atmosphere
  • Temperatures that drop quickly with increasing altitude (instability)
  • Some mechanism to nudge the warm, moist air upward. This mechanism could be a front, a low pressure system, a sea breeze, or even wind going over a hill or mountain.

For hurricanes:

  • Plenty of warm, moist air in the lower atmosphere.
  • Very warm ocean water to ensure a continuous moisture supply
  • Little to no wind shear*
  • An area of disturbed weather to start the system.

For tornadoes:

  • Plenty of warm, moist air in the lower atmosphere
  • High instability
  • A strong lifting mechanism
  • Strong wind shear with helicity*

*Wind shear is a change in the speed and direction of wind with changing altitude. Helicity, which often develops from wind shear, is a rolling motion in the air. Wind shear can disrupt the organized structure of a hurricane but, coupled with helicity, gives thunderstorms the rotation they need to produce tornadoes.

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Q: What are atmospheric and hydrospheric conditions associated with the formation of hurricanes tornadoes and thunderstorms?
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