On an air brake system, the brake chamber is what actuates the air brakes... it converts air pressure to mechanical force, either turning an S-cam (on foundation brakes), or actuating a caliper (on disc brakes).
A typical tandem axle tractor has 6 brake chambers.
QR1 valve is the brake valve to the steer axles. Follow the service lines from the brake chambers to where they intersect, and that's the valve they're both attached to. It meters air to the brake chambers and also governs air pressure in the brake chambers.
It supplies air to the service chambers of the brake chambers in order to engage the brakes.
Treadle valve.
Cage the brake chambers and tow it.
The only thing in an air brake system you'd really overhaul would be the compressor itself... the rest of it typically gets replaced. Valves, brake chambers, brake drums, brake shoes, etc.
The hold off pressure for the spring brakes if 60 psi, and brake chambers are regulated at 90 psi.
Faulty air lines, faulty valves, faulty brake chambers, faulty pop off valves on the air tanks
They have two chambers - a service chamber, and an emergency chamber. These will typically be T30 brake chambers (as opposed to T20 brake chammbers used on steer axles, the #3 axle on International Prostars, and the Kenworth T2000, and on wedge brakes). Inside the brake chamber, there's a spring that, when decompressed, turns the S-cam (or flat cam, although those are a bit rare) and effectively engages the brake. This is your parking brake. When you supply air to the emergency chamber, air pushes against this spring... when that air pressure is 60 psi or higher, it exerts enough force against the spring to compress it, releasing the brakes.
On a T30 brake can, there are two chambers - the service chamber, and the emergency chamber. In the brake chamber, there is a spring.. when decompressed, it rotates the S-cam to lock the brakes. This is your parking brake. When you release the brakes, the emergency chamber remains constantly supplied with air to compress this spring, effectively releasing your brakes. The service chamber counteracts this, allowing you to utilize your brakes, but only when air is supplied to it when you push on the treadle valve.
If they're spring brakes, you won't be able to get them to release. The brake chambers won't actuate when you push on the treadle valve (brake pedal), the brake control valve won't remain pressed in.
If you're referring to an air brake system, you have a leak in a brake chamber... one of your emergency chambers has gone bad (if you hear it only when you depress the brake pedal, then it's a service chamber).