There are an estimated 2.5 million Presbyterians in the United States. Presbyterians are considered a branch of the Calvinist churches. There are an estimated 75 million worldwide, but that also includes the Reformed and Congregational churches.
Scottish Presbyterians were led by Calvinist leader John Knox. Calvinists were later known as Puritans since they confronted the English monarchs and pressed for church reform.
No, while she was a Protestant, she was definitely not a Calvinist.
Presbyterians issued from Scotland, in the Scottish Church established by John Knox. John Knox had been ordained a Catholic priest. Later he fled the country to Geneva and came under John Calvin's influence. Thus he adopted the "reformed" protestant philosophy as opposed to Luther's revolt, or Henry VIII's made up Anglican Church. Presbyterians didn't so much split from the Catholic church, although Knox had been a Catholic priest, but were really an offshoot of Calvinist beliefs.
NO. Presbyterians have nothing to do with Islamic State.
Presbyterians are a subset of Protestants, so they are Protestants. Not all Protestants are Presbyterians, however.
Infant baptism is recognized by Presbyterians.
I believe it was the Lutherans who did not embrace the Calvinist ways.
Presbyterians celebrate 2 sacraments - Baptism and Holy Communion.
Presbyterians have organized worship services, during which the Lord's Supper is periodically celebrated. Presbyterians do not celebrate the "mass" that is celebrated in the Roman Catholic tradition.
Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians was created in 2012.
Presbyterians, while they may respect the pope, do not acknowledge him as the spiritual head of Christianity.