notes that are called different but have the same fingerings. Examples: c# and b natural. This idea is useful when, for example, a composer is in the process of writing harmony for music that is moving from one key to another.
Enharmonics
Enharmonics is the name for a pitch that is "spelled" three different ways. # C=B sharp, D double flat # D flat= C sharp, B double sharp....
Enharmonics is when you have two different note names but the pitch is the same
Enharmonic notes in music are notes that sound the same but are written differently, for example: G# and Ab.
Well, you have to understand enharmonics. an F flat would be an E, and in Trumpet pitch, would be the F Sharp major scale, and I believe it hits all or almost all accidental partials along the way.
A# = Bb B = Cb B# = C C# = Db D# = Eb E = Fb E# = F F# = Gb G# = Ab I would rather not go into double flats
F# and Gb are enharmonics. They share the same pitch, but have different functions in musical notation. Especially attuned musicians may differentiate F# and Gb particularly when they appear as thirds or fifths of chords, but yes, they are enharmonic equivalents.
Every major key has a parallel minor. ______________________ What you are referring to is that some keys only exist in theory and not in practice, the major keys of D flat, G flat and C flat have parallel minors but they are never used due to notational difficulties caused by the requirement for a double flat; so C sharp, F sharp and B minors are used instead of their 'theoretical' enharmonics.
The chromatic scale has 12 notes: A A#/Bb B C C#/Db D D#/Eb E F F#/Gb G G#/Ab Back in the day before circular tuning, some of the enharmonics were considered different notes, giving a total of 14 pitches. Highly-attuned musicians finding themselves on the third or fifth of a chord may adjust slightly, but the note names are the same.
As musical intervals, there is very little difference (though it's usually called a diminished octave, not 8). These two terms can be referred to as enharmonics. Sometimes it's less confusing to use one name for a note over another -- it just depends on the context. They sound the same, but are used differently in composition. A major 7 above C is a B; a diminished octave above C is a C flat.
It depends on what kind of keyboard. If it's a standard 88-key piano, all of the black keys are the sharps and flats. There are 36 black keys in total. If that doesn't answer your question, each black key is the sharp of the white key directly behind it and that sharp is also the flat of the white key directly in front of it. For example, a G sharp is the same as an A flat. These identical notes are called enharmonics. So technically, there are more sharps and flats in the keyboard than there are black keys because some of them overlap. Also, if there is a white key directly in front of another white key, the second white key is the sharp of the first one and vice versa. For example, B and C are two white keys next to each other on the keyboard. A B sharp is actually a C natural and a C flat is the same as a B natural.
As I'm not sure what book you are using I cannot answer that specifically. However I can tell what strings are what. I've always remembered them as G'Dae (like G'Day Mate kind of thing). Your lowest sounding string is G, the next one up from there is D, then A, and lastly (and highest) E. From here it's easiest to think of the piano keys. If you slide your finger up one finger width at a time on only one string, you will hear what is called a chromatic scale. This is the exact same thing as if you were to play one key on the piano at a time (including white and black keys). If you know your piano keys then you will easily be able to tell what notes are what on the violin. Say you start with a G and go up, it would be G (open string), G#/Ab, A, A#/Bb etc. One note to take in case you were unaware of this. Why I call G# and Ab the same thing is because they are enharmonics. They have different names, but they are exactly the same notes. Also the order of keys on the piano are C, D, E, F, G, A, B. If you don't know where any of these are do a quick search online, it'll be easy to find. Hope this helps!