proteins
RuBisCO is the most common protein on Earth. This protein is an enzyme.
Which is the most important and abundant carbon-fixing enzyme on earth
ase
Amylase is the most commonly thought of. This is the enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose.
a catalystbut most specifically an enzymebecause it asked for a protein.
Zinc in the enzyme carboxypeptidase likely functions as a cofactor, helping to stabilize the enzyme's structure and assist in catalyzing the reaction by participating in binding and activation of the substrate.
It depends on what type of Enzyme. Enzymes have different optimum pH depending on the environment they work in, for example and enzyme in the stomach of a human would have a pH of about 2 but an enzyme in human saliva has an optimum pH of 5.6.
Most genetic defects related to enzyme function are recessive because most are lethal and can only persist because heterozygote carriers can live to reproduce.
The most important would be the starch breaking enzyme amylase, which catalyzes the decomposition of starch into simpler sugars.
If an enzyme solution is saturated with substrate the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to increase the enzyme concentration. An alternative is to increase the temperature.
Enzymes are most active at their optimal temperature and pH, which vary depending on the specific enzyme and its environment. Each enzyme has a unique active site that facilitates the binding of substrates, leading to catalysis. Extreme deviations from these optimal conditions can lead to decreased activity or denaturation of the enzyme. Therefore, the most active state of an enzyme is achieved under conditions that support its structural integrity and functional efficiency.
Changing the pH in the environment that an enzyme works in can change how active it will be. Most will be active in a narrow range. Pepsin, a stomach enzyme, will only work at very acid pHs and will become inactive at higher pH than 2.