It depends on what type of Enzyme. Enzymes have different optimum pH depending on the environment they work in, for example and enzyme in the stomach of a human would have a pH of about 2 but an enzyme in human saliva has an optimum pH of 5.6.
If you are wondering because you are using cow liver in an experiment with enzyme catalase then you can say 6.5-7. That is the pH of a cows stomach. While your at it the average body temperature of a cow is about 38 degrees.
most fish live in a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5
There are basically two theories to suggest how enzymes and substrates fit together. They are: The lock and key mechanism - this says that the structure of the substrate is exactly complimentary to the structure of the active site (i.e the region on the enzyme where the substrate fits/docks). The process is explained in terms of a lock and key analogy. The induced fit mechanism - this says that the active site of the enzyme is able to change its confirmatin (i.e 3D structure) slightly in order to accomodate the substrate.
they vary on species and lake or river of species.
The pH scale goes from 1-14 and normally is coloured from red to purple. Any chemical with a pH of 1-6(.9) is an acid, and any chemical with a pH of 7(.1)-14 is a base/alkali. A chemical with a pH of 7 is neutral, and this is mostly pure water and ionic salts. An example of an acid would be Hydrochloric acid, and an example of a base would be Sodium Hydroxide
Between 8 and 10
All enzymes have a range of pH where they are most effective. Too acidic or too basic environments will cause the enzyme to decrease in effectiveness, potentially stopping the enzyme from functioning all together.
A change in pH can denature an enzyme, meaning the reaction would stop.
An enzyme's optimum pH is the pH (that is, degree of acidity of alkalinity) that the enzyme catalyses reactions fastest at. If the pH varies too much from the optimum, the enzyme becomes denatured and cannot catalyse reactions any more.
actors such as temperature and pH can affect an enzyme's rate of reaction because enzymes are sensitive to pH and heat. Most enzymes can only function in a particular temperature or pH range, and as the enzyme works out of its normal temperature and pH range, it will denature (change in shape so that the active site no longer fits with the substrate and the enzyme can't function).
Changing the pH in the environment that an enzyme works in can change how active it will be. Most will be active in a narrow range. Pepsin, a stomach enzyme, will only work at very acid pHs and will become inactive at higher pH than 2.
The enzyme has an optimal point of pH at which the enzyme works best. For example a catalase enzyme works best in a pH of 7. When the pH changes it denatures the enzyme causing it to not be able to react with the substrate.
Enzymes function optimally at a patricular temperature and pH. If the temperature is decreased or increased, the enzyme will not function as effectively. The enzyme is most active only at a patricular temperature and pH. Hence, these two factors are very important for enzyme action.
That is a short form of "optimum pH level", the point where an enzyme is most active. The optimum pH value varies greatly from one enzyme to another. Extremely high or low pH generally results in complete loss of activity for most enzymes.
(2) increase, then decrease
Just like always, deviating from the desired normal functioning for the enzyme, whether it be in temperature or pH, would result in the enzyme denaturing and therefore being unable to for enzyme substrate complexes, therefore reducing the overall reaction rate.
I believe it's 7.3, the pH of human blood, as most enzymatic reactions occur there. However, there are special enzymes, such as the ones which are in the stomach, which work best at around a pH of 2.