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[1] Farming in India probably tended more or less towards organic methods until the 1960s. It was labor-intensive. Many people worked either small plots or large landholdings. The former tended to be worked, for on-site use or for barter/sale in local markets. The latter - perhaps best exemplified by tea plantations - tended to be worked, for many national and international markets. [2] As of the 1960s, farming probably tended more or less towards non-organic methods. For the Green Revolution was an important Indian government program. And it emphasized hybrid seeds, and chemical fertilizers and pesticides. [3] By the 1990s, India had become an important exporter of grains. But the downside of commercial farming was seen in air/ground/water pollution; indebtedness from the high costs of chemicals, mechanization, and transport; involvement in the world economy, and therefore sensitivity to demand and supply pressures outside of India; and poor soil quality. [4] With the 21st century, organic methods are becoming more popular. For the costs may not be low. But then neither are the profits. And European and North American buyers are looking to high standards, in both non-organic and organic food production.

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