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The babylonian astronomy was among the most advanced in the ancient world.
The Saros Cycle (a 18 year, 11 days, 8 hour cycle used to predict solar and lunar eclipses) is widely believed to have been discovered by the babylonian astronomers.
Many of the names of astrological signs of the zodiac are claimed to be of babylonian origin, for example:
The sign Leo (Urgulû), for instance, has been identified in babylonian writings from the 16th century BC.
Observations of the Morning Star, Ishtar (actually the planet Venus) had been made since maybe the 23rd century BC, which is also the time when the name of Babylon is first found to be found in historical sources.
Famous Bablyonian Works include the Venus Tablets of Ammisaduqa /16th century BC), the Enuma Anu Enlil (from the 17th or 16th c. BC), and the Mul.Apin (from the 14th-11th c. BC).
Astronomers whose names have been preserved include Nabunarius (c. 580 - 480 BC), Kidinnu (c. 400 - 332 BC), and Berossus (c. 330 - 250 BC), who was both astronomer and historian.
Mathematics was highly complex, and a tablet, named Plimpton 322, reveal that the Babylonians may very well have known Pythagoras Theorem more than a thousand years before Pythagoras ever lived.
Glass-making was a respected craft in Babylonia, and many famous buildings, like the Ishtar gate, was made of over 20 000 bricks, covered in shining blue glass, and adorned with artwork in gold and bronze.
Famous buildings in Babylon inlcude: The Esagila (the high temple of the god Marduk), Etemenanki (an enormous ziggurat, or step-pyramid, believed by some to be the Tower of Babel in The Bible), The Hanging Gardens, the Double walls of Babylon, the Processional Way, and The Ishtar Gate, which was one of maybe as many as a dozen gates.
At the peak of its size, Babylon may have been three times the size of what ancient Athens had at her peak.
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