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What are two environmental factors that can cause mutations?
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun and certain chemicals in the environment, such as those found in tobacco smoke or industrial pollutants, are known to cause mutations in DNA. These mutations can potentially lead to genetic disorders or an increased risk of cancer.
Can mutagenic agents cause cancer?
Yes. Mutagenic agents cause mutations in DNA. If those mutations occur in cell growth genes, this can lead to a cancerous cell that can grow and spread out of control. I work in a lab and many of the chemicals I work with are described as Carcinogens, chemicals that are known to directly cause cancer. many mutagenic agents are also carcinogens.
Cancer is a disease of which of these genes DNA hormones?
Cancer emerges by DNA mutations. DNA = genes. The mutations lead to protein aberations in the cell. But, some proteins are hormones as well and some of these can cause cancer. To summarize it, let's say that cancer is a disease of genes and DNA in 95% cases and cancer is a disease of hormons in 5% cases. (very roughly, but it is true)
The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer in women. Women with these mutations have a higher lifetime risk of developing these cancers compared to those without the mutations.
Why are males more susceptible to oral cancer than females?
More males than females smoke cigarettes, chew tobacco, smoke pipes, and use snuff. All of those things can cause oral cancer, and some can also cause lung cancer.
What are the key differences between NRAS and KRAS mutations in cancer, and how do they impact treatment options and patient outcomes?
NRAS and KRAS mutations are both genetic alterations commonly found in cancer cells. The key difference between them is their location within the cell signaling pathway. NRAS mutations occur upstream, while KRAS mutations occur downstream. These differences can impact how cancer cells respond to certain treatments. In terms of treatment options, patients with NRAS mutations may not respond as well to certain targeted therapies compared to those with KRAS mutations. This can affect the effectiveness of treatment and ultimately impact patient outcomes. Understanding the specific mutation present in a patient's cancer can help guide treatment decisions and improve the chances of a successful outcome.
What are some ways that mutations in some living things are helpful to those organisms but harmful to humans?
Mutations in bacteria that confer antibiotic resistance help the bacteria survive and thrive in their environment, but can be harmful to humans if these bacteria cause infections that are difficult to treat. Similarly, mutations in insects that confer resistance to pesticides help them survive, but can be harmful to humans as it makes pest control more difficult.
How is cancer related to meiosis?
Mitosis is a form of cell division. Cancer is a mutation in cell division, generally in such a way that cell divide too often and are unregulated and end up developing a mass. Those cells also carry the mutation and those cells divide and create new mutated cells, on and on and on.
Can people have a normal life if they have mutations?
Sure, you probably have several tens of thousands of mutations already and are likely accumulating a couple more mutations every single day you live.Many mutations are harmless and of those that are very harmful they usually cause death of that one cell in which they occurred then the cell is replaced with a normal one. If the mutated cell doesn't die the immune system may identify it as "bad" and kill it, then the cell is replaced with a normal one.Also sometimes a mutation in the sex cells (which won't affect that person at all, only their children) is a helpful improvement. Evolution can select such changes (and other ways the genes change) over following generations, thus possibly improving the population.It is not possible for a mutation to completely transform an individual into something different. Although mutations can cause cancer if they don't kill the cell and the immune system overlooks the "bad" cell, but to become cancer typically takes multiple mutations (not just one) and often decades for the one cell to divide enough to become a tumor.
Can pelvic inflammatory disease cause cancer?
Pelvic inflammatory disease does not cause cancer. Having multiple sex partners is a risk for both cervical cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease, but even those who aren't sexually active can get PID.
What is the technical term for chemicals that cause cancer?
Carcinogens, but more specifically: petrochemicals - such as those within cosmetics.
Do parents with skin cancer pass it on to their offspring?
Yes, there certainly is a heredity factor with Crohns disease. Many studies have shown that those families with prior members affected will have as much as a 20% higher risk of seeing it in the same family.
