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This year, (2009) there are 10 federal holidays. A list of them, with their dates can be found at this address. http://www.opm.gov/operating_status_schedules/fedhol/2009.asp
Congress must designate the holiday.
Yes, the words "federal holidays" are not capitalized unless they appear at the beginning of a sentence or as part of a proper noun, such as "Federal Holidays Act."
Wachovia observes the same holidays as the Federal Reserve.
zero!
There are 11 federally recognized national holidays and, in addition, some states also declare particular dates to be state holidays. However, whether or not your employer gives them to you is entirely up to them, and/or may be controlled by a union agreement or work contract. There is no law that REQUIRES an employer to give you time off.
Thanksgiving, and Christmas, are both holidays that are nationally recognized in the US.
With there being over 12 popular religion and as many as 42000 recognized religions, each religion has its own recognized holidays. Most Americans and Canadians celebrate Easter and Christmas as religious holidays. But other religions such as Jewish have there own set of holidays like Hanuka and Kwanza.
Yes
federal government
There are ten Federal holidays in the United States. The Federal holidays are New Year's Day, Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
There are several websites from which you can purchase the 2012 Federal Holidays calendar. Some of these websites include: www.opm.gov/Operating_Status_Schedules/.../index.asp and www.usafederalholidays.com/.