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You have to consider what is the material in question first. Any radiation with energy greater than the ionization energies of the atoms involved with the material of absorption will cause ionization. Take silicon solar cells. A photon (sun spectrum) with energy >~ 1.1 eV will generate an electron-hole pair. UV light (3 - 120 eV) may incur ionization on a human's skin. The higher the energy of the particle, the more likely an ionization will occur. Fortunately, the higher the particle energy, the less likely the particle can penetrate too deep to cause major damage.

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Q: What are the 3 types of electromagnetic radiation that can ionise particles?
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