All of the commands in the Torah.
If it's in the Torah, it's basic to Judaism.
The Torah
Yes, the Torah is the basic text of Judaism, containing its beliefs and laws.
apples, possums, books and seaweed.
The entire content of the Torah.
No prophet revealed the basic laws of faith in judaism. Jewish tradition holds that G-d revealed the basic laws directly to the people at Mt. Sinai, in Egypt.
That God exists and gave the Torah.
pthe underlying princibles are very basic, only using the geomatrical paterns of the known human world and templating them with the basic light it contributes to create a "dark matter" eye which can see through even the densest and the most inversible matter.
Logical means the princibles of reason. If something is Logical, it means it is the smart thing to do.
He studied much about volume and area. He created a lot of new mathematical princibles.
Code of morals/princibles. Like selling products to murderers would be a bad ethic.
I've attached links for a couple of glossaries of Jewish words and concepts.