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Protiens
Proteins.
They are proteinacious .
Of the major biomolecules, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids, only nucleic acids are not present in cell membranes. Lipids make up the bilayer; proteins craete pumps and channels; carbohydrates are part of glycoproteins but no RNA or DNA is present.
proteins form channels and pumps that help to move material across the cell membrane. carbohydrates act like chemical identification cards, allowing individual cells to identify one another.
There are many different protein channels that only allow one substance to go in or out of the cell. For example, there is a specific channel for gluclose,and no other substane can go through that channel
Ion channels are not carbohydrates but are pore-forming membrane proteins. One of their functions is to include establishing a resting membrane potential.
AXON
n
Transport proteins that are pumps differ from those that are channels in that when it pumps, it moves materials against concentration gradient. Other wise, from low to high concentration levels. Channels move materials down a concentration gradient, requiring no energy expenditure by the cell. From high concentration to low concentration levels.
Transport proteins that are pumps differ from those that are channels in that when it pumps, it moves materials against concentration gradient. Other wise, from low to high concentration levels. Channels move materials down a concentration gradient, requiring no energy expenditure by the cell. From high concentration to low concentration levels.
Gravity, tides (essentially gravity also). Man made forces could include pumps and directing gravity as in irrigation channels.