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JUDICIAL BRANCH (Article III)
US District Courts
The 94 US District Courts are the trial courts of the federal judiciary. They have jurisdiction over most types of cases, both civil and criminal, within their geographical territory. Appeals from US District Courts go to the US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts.
US Court of International Trade
The US Court of International Trade is located in New York City, and has nationwide jurisdiction over cases involving customs and other international trade disputes under federal law. Congress established this court under the Customs Courts Act of 1980 in order to extend the jurisdiction of the former US Customs Court.
US Courts of Appeals Circuit Courts
There are thirteen United States Courts of Appeals Circuit Courts comprising the intermediate appellate step between the District Courts and the Supreme Court. Twelve of these courts handle cases from District Courts within their geographical territory. The Circuits are specifically referred to by name or number; for example, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit or United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The thirteenth Circuit court is the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has nationwide jurisdiction over cases from the courts of International Trade and Federal Claims. They also hear patent cases.
Supreme Court of the United States
Although we often refer to the highest court in the nation as the US Supreme Court (to distinguish it from state supreme courts), the official name is the Supreme Court of the United States, often abbreviated SCOTUS.
The nine justices (one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices) primarily hear cases on appeal from the Circuit Courts, although they may hear certain types of cases directly from the US District Courts, and also from state supreme courts, if the case involves a preserved matter of federal or constitutional law.
Most cases are submitted to the Supreme Court on a petition for a writ of certiorari, a request for the Court to review the petitioner's case. The Court receives more than 10,000 petitions a year, and accepts fewer than 100 for oral argument. The Court has sole discretion over which cases it hears, so the justices choose matters of national importance or issues where the constitution is being interpreted inconsistently or in opposition to the Court's opinion.
Legislative Branch Courts (Article I)
Article I courts and tribunals are those the Constitution authorizes Congress to create under Article I and are part of the Legislative Branch as well as the federal court system, but not part of the Judicial Branch, as listed above. Judges of Article I courts are appointed to 15-year renewable terms of office.
US Bankruptcy Courts
Each of the 94 Districts has a special jurisdiction US Bankruptcy Court that hears cases from individuals and businesses that can no longer pay their creditors. All bankruptcy cases are handled in federal court, not state court. Bankruptcy cases may first be appealed to either District Court or to the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel. Certain cases may next qualify for review by the Circuit Courts, but only with the permission of the US Solicitor General. Cases that involve constitutional issues may appeal from the Circuit Court to the US Supreme Court; however, if the Supreme Court grants cert, it will only consider the constitutional or legal aspect of the case.
Other Article I Courts
Article I courts and tribunals have limited jurisdiction over special subject matter, and are designed to adjudicate issues between US citizens and residents and specific departments within government. Some examples are Social Security Disability Appeals, US Court of Veterans Claims, US Bankruptcy Court, US Tax Court, US Tax Court, US Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, etc.
Although these courts are part of a different branch of government, some may have their decisions appealed to the Supreme Court.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 13y agoArticle III of the Constitution refers to them as "inferior courts."
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What is the basic trial court called in the US?
District Courts, below that is Small Claims Courts, above that is the Courts of Appeals. Two steps higher is the Supreme Court.
How many type of in court?
There are 4 types of courts-: # Supreme Court - Highest court in India # High Courts- Below Supreme Courts # Subordinate Courts include district courts and other courts # Lok Adalats - It solves cases at much faster pace than any other court. It is below districts courts.
Who establishes courts that rank below the supreme court?
congress
How were all federal courts below the supreme court?
By acts of Congress.
Which court or courts must follow a precedent in an appeals court?
All the courts that are below it. If it is a federal appeals court, that means all courts in the country excepting the Supreme Court. If it is a provincial appeals court that means all courts below it in that particular province only.
Which courts are directly below the Supreme Court?
The second highest court is the U.S. Court of Appeals for the [Specific] Circuit (e.g., US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit), comprising twelve regional and one U.S. Federal Circuit. The Court of Appeals oversees the United States District Courts (trial courts), which have original jurisdiction over federal cases heard within their assigned territories.At the individual state level, the highest court is the [State] Supreme Court, which is subordinate to the U.S. Supreme Court on all issues except those involving the state legislature and state constitution, provided the legislation or state constitution doesn't violate federal law or US Constitutional mandates.
How we're all federal courts below the Supreme Court established?
By acts of Congress.
What is the meaning of 'circuit' in the US Supreme Court?
US Courts of Appeals Circuit Courts are the thirteen intermediate appellate courts immediately below the US Supreme Court. Each Supreme Court justice has responsibility for handling emergency petitions for one or more of the Circuit courts, which is a remnant of the "circuit riding" tradition, in which the Supreme Court justices traveled the circuits throughout the year, hearing cases in local forums.
Who decides how many federal courts we have?
Article III of the Constitution vested Congress with the power of creating federal courts below the Supreme Court, at their discretion. This authority includes determining the number and (usually) jurisdiction of each court. Congress also has the power to eliminate federal courts below the Supreme Court.
Why did congress pass the judiciary act 1789?
to create federal courts below the supreme court
What can Congress set up and organize below the Supreme Court?
Federal Courts-Nova net- :)
Does the US have a Supreme Court and some smaller courts?
Yes. The US Supreme Court has highest appellate jurisdiction in the US. The other constitutional courts of the Judicial Branch -- the 94 US District Court, 13 US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts, US Court of International Trade -- are below the Supreme Court. There are also courts in the Legislative Branch of government, such as Bankruptcy Courts and US Tax Courts, that are lower than the Supreme Court.
