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Massachusetts has trial courts and appeals courts. At the trial court level, Massachusetts has Superior Courts, District Courts, Probate and Family Courts, Housing Courts, Juvenile Courts, Boston Municipal Courts, and the Land Court. All of these except for the Superior Courts have limited jurisdiction over particular kinds of cases. These limitations are either based on the subject matter of the case or, regarding civil and criminal cases, on the severity of crime or amount of money in controversy. Superior Courts have general jurisdiction over all levels of civil and criminal cases that may be heard at the state court level, but generally only hear a case if it is beyond the jurisdiction of one of the other types of courts.

Each county in Massachusetts has its own set of these different types of courts, and may have multiple Superior Courts or District Courts or no Housing Court depending on the needs of the county. For a complete directory of the trial courts in Massachusetts, see the Massachusetts Court Directory related link.

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